News Castles 07/05/2020

In Naples, Murat proved to be a good politician and king. Of course, as far as Napoleon's vigilant eye and heavy hand allowed. Murat managed to calm the unrest that shook the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Always remaining young at heart, even a boy, he easily found his way to the hearts of young Neapolitans. But the desire of the king to unite Italy constantly ran into the iron will of Napoleon, and Joachim Murat was forced to yield.

In a campaign against Russia in 1812, Murat was going with great reluctance. Despite his exuberant energy, he is also tired of 20 years of uninterrupted wars. And I felt in my heart that the campaign would not be successful. Near Smolensk, he begged Napoleon on his knees not to go any further. But everything was in vain, Napoleon did not heed the advice of his marshal.

Murat's reckless daring, his dashing cavalry attacks and characteristic appearance were so fond of the Russian Cossacks that they even agreed not to shoot the marshal, but to try to capture him, which caused a lot of fun in the French camp and flattered Murat's pride.

The marshal's only major failure was the campaign near Tarutino, when he missed Kutuzov's army. By that time, friendly relations with Napoleon had already given way to official ones, and the brutalized emperor yelled at the guilty Murat so much that he brought him to hysterics. From now on

Murat "broke". It seemed that nothing could bring back those former years, when he, headlong, threw himself into a frenzied whirlpool of attack at the first order of Bonaparte. Leaving for France, Napoleon left the army to the King of Naples. Army! Frozen, half-starved, demoralized people, not a victorious army. Having brought the remnants of the regiments still capable of discipline to the border, Murat, leaving everything, left for Naples.

After Leipzig (1813) it became obvious that Napoleon had lost everything. And Murat, in order to save the Neapolitan crown, entered into negotiations with the allies. One of the indispensable conditions put forward by them was to help put an end to Napoleon. And the king, remembering past grievances, put up Neapolitan troops against the corps of Eugene Beauharnais. The fighting never began, but the fact remains that Murat no longer served Napoleon.

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Despite all the efforts of Murat, the Congress of Vienna, which worked out the terms of the peace treaty, naturally had no intention of leaving the crown to the innkeeper's son. Therefore, in 1815, when Napoleon landed in France, Murat responded to his request and moved his troops against the Austrian army. Without a doubt, he was driven not only by the desire to remain king. He was too generous to long remember old grievances, and could not help but support his old friend and emperor.

Unfortunately, the forces turned out to be unequal, and the small Neapolitan army was defeated by superior enemy forces. Ah, if Murat had his French cavalrymen!

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Having fled to Gascony, and then to Corsica, Murat did not leave the thought of regaining the Neapolitan crown. In September 1815, he received a letter from Cardinal Borghese, who said that the people would welcome his return with joy. It was a monstrous lie! Tired Italians were unable to continue the resistance. But Murat, always full of optimism, cunning, but childishly naive, believed. On October 13, he landed with a small detachment in Calabria, in the south of the Apennine Peninsula. He was already expected. But not enthusiastic crowds of Italians, but Austrian soldiers. The former king was arrested. It took only two hours for the Austrian military field court, which had gathered to comply with the formalities, to pass the verdict. And Murat proved his courage for the last time by demanding a platoon of Neapolitan riflemen. He himself commanded his execution.

The Gascon is not forgotten. His hometown was subsequently renamed Labastide-Mura, and in Naples a monument was erected to the marshal as one of the most popular kings.

Among the marshals of Napoleon were two more Gascons, who in many ways resembled Murat in character. But they lacked his scope, his adventurism, generosity and enthusiasm. These are Jean-Baptiste Bessières (1768-1813) and Jean Lannes (1769-1809) - two people whose tragic death shocked the French army.