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On June 8, 1794, an extraordinary celebration took place in Paris. The Convention, at the suggestion of Robespierre, decreed the cult of the Supreme Being - a new republican religion. June 8 is the first festival of the republican god. Dressed in a blue camisole, with a bunch of ears of corn and flowers in his hand, Robespierre solemnly set fire to stuffed hideous monsters - Godlessness and Anarchy. In their place, a statue of Wisdom was raised with the help of a machine.

Now that all open opponents of Robespierre had been beheaded, one could hope that the terror of the Revolution would subside. But the very next day after the feast of the Supreme Being, Deputy Couthon, from the rostrum of the Convention, proposed to simplify the judicial formalities; now those arrested were practically deprived of the right to protection. Terror gained new momentum. Even the most obedient executor of all inhuman instructions could no longer feel safe.

After all the imaginary and fictitious conspiracies in the bowels of the Convention, a real conspiracy began to ripen. During one of the dinners of the deputies, Robespierre, who became hot, threw off his camisole. Deputy Carnot searched his pockets and found a list of 40 suspected members of the Convention. There was also his name. The Jacobin deputies Tallien, Freron and others had to choose between acting or dying.

On July 26, 1794 (8 Thermidor), Robespierre delivered a speech at the Jacobin Club, condemning unnamed conspirators and expressing his readiness to die "for the sake of an example." The artist and Jacobin deputy David shouted to him: “Robespierre, I will drink poison with you!” (This did not prevent, however, the same David from becoming a baron at the court of the new Emperor Napoleon a few years later!)

On July 27, 1794 (9 Thermidor), Robespierre's closest friend Saint-Just spoke at the Convention. He was supposed to read out a list of participants in the conspiracy. The conspirators, later called Thermidorians, jumped up and interrupted him with cries of indignation. Robespierre demanded to speak. The chairman promised to give him the floor later. Robespierre shouted: "Chairman of the murderers, for the last time I demand the word!" Among the noise, he tried to find support in the hall. Sitting on one of the empty seats in the Swamp, he said: “Virtues people of the Plains, I appeal to you!”

The "marsh" deputies were silent, thinking hard, someone exclaimed: "You sat in the place of Danton, whom you slaughtered!"

Hearing the name of Danton, Robespierre jumped up as if scalded. He was coughing, through which he heard cries: “He is choked by Danton’s blood!”, “Accusation! Vote for the accusation!

Robespierre was accused and arrested along with two dozen of his supporters. Voices were heard: “Long live the Republic!”, To which Robespierre bitterly replied: “The Republic is dead, the robbers are triumphant!”

On the way to the prison, crowds of citizens released the arrested. The convention declared them and all who would help them outlaws. Outlawing meant immediate execution without trial after identification. This horrified those who had just been ready to follow Robespierre. The citizens hastily dispersed.

Robespierre tried to commit suicide, but only injured his lower jaw with a shot. He, Saint-Just, Couton and all his other friends were arrested again. Now the court was no longer needed: a formal identity card - and execution.

The next morning, 23 people were taken in a cart to the scaffold. The executioner rudely tore off from Robespierre the same blue camisole in which he was at the feast of the Supreme Being. The shot through jaw was bandaged with a dirty rag; the executioner plucked it too, tearing off the dried blood from the wound. He was afraid that the sharp knife of the guillotine would become dull on the cloth. Robespierre let out a terrible cry of pain, and a minute later another cry rang out over the square - the cry of the crowd: "Long live the Republic!"

On this day, an entire era ended. None of the "Thermidorians", as the people who came to power on 9 Thermidor were called, at that moment had the desire to abolish the revolution; they only wanted to continue it without risking their heads. But in practice, this led to the cessation of revolutionary transformations. The soil for them was exhausted. The connection between the assembly of deputies and the people, which had pushed the revolution from the very beginning, was interrupted. Twice more, in 1795, the people tried to interfere in the work of the Convention and direct it in their own way, demanding "bread and the Jacobin Constitution of 1793." But this only led to the execution of the last Jacobin deputies - Romm and others.

The revolution has come to an end. The political regime of France after the Thermidorian coup remained very far from democracy and more and more moved away from it. The directory of five people, which in 1795 was transferred to power by the Convention, in 1799 was replaced in power by an even less democratic Consulate (see the article "Napoleon and his empire"). In 1806, Emperor Napoleon of France abolished the last remnants of the republican system. The Empire was established in France.

MIRABEAU (March 9, 1749 - April 2, 1791)

The name of Count Honore Gabriel Ricchetti de Mirabeau was widely known long before the start of the French Revolution. The reputation of the young aristocrat was scandalous. He became famous for his dizzying love affairs, flight from creditors, wild lifestyle. In secular circles, he was nicknamed "Don Juan of the century."

The life of the French nobility of the XVIII century. was, of course, very far from the ideals of humility and renunciation of the joys of life. But few have challenged conventional hypocrisy and prudish norms as boldly as the Comte de Mirabeau. And this did not go unpunished.

In those days, any Frenchman, aristocrat or commoner, could be thrown into prison without any trial for many years. One decree of the king was enough, not even a public one, but a secret one.

The secret decrees of the king again and again pursued Mirabeau. Several years of imprisonment, exile, arrests instilled in him a deep hatred for tyranny and lawlessness.

In 1774, 25-year-old Mirabeau wrote An Essay on Despotism. In this serious political work, he called on fellow citizens to fight boldly against arbitrariness. Two years later, Mirabeau published this work without a signature in London (in France, a publication of this kind was not possible at that time).

Comte de Mirabeau entered the whirlpool of events of the French Revolution as a mature, mature person. He was 40 years old.

Announced by the king in 1788, the elections to the States General came from three estates - the nobility, the clergy and the so-called "third estate". At first, Mirabeau tried to nominate himself for the nobility of Provence, to which he belonged. He was received very coldly. Then he decided to be elected from the third estate. In order to enter the ranks of this estate, he even had to open a trading shop. In his speeches, Mirabeau demanded decisive reforms, the adoption of a constitution. With his speeches, the candidate for deputies Mirabeau was gaining more and more popularity in Provence. In this he was helped by an amazing gift of eloquence and a powerful voice. People were especially struck by the fact that this passionate exposer of the vices of the nobility belongs to one of the most noble families of Provence. In Marseille, the crowd threw flowers at him, exclaiming: "Glory to Mirabeau - the father of the fatherland!" People unharnessed the horses from his carriage and carried him through the streets themselves. After his election, an honorary escort with torches accompanied him to the very border of Provence.

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