Media, News, Publishing: News update 07/04/2020 (2349)

The exception against this background was the south, where the government of Sun Yat-sen acted. The National Party, the Kuomintang, organized by him, sought to unite the country, its independence, the establishment of a constitutional order and the allocation of land to the peasants. In the struggle for this, Sun Yat-sen relied on military force, but it was not easy to create a disciplined, combat-ready army. Having a good professional training, Chiang Kai-shek quickly advanced and entered the leadership of the Kuomintang army. The authority of Chiang Kai-shek was strengthened by his impeccable behavior during the critical days of 1922, when Sun Yat-sen had to flee his capital Guangzhou after the betrayal of one of the generals.

In the same year, Chiang Kai-shek was appointed chief of staff of the Kuomintang army. It was the time of the turning point in Sun Yat-sen's policy. No longer hoping for a dubious alliance with the generals, the Kuomintang leader turned to the Russian revolutionaries. In August 1923, 35-year-old General Chiang Kai-shek left for Moscow at the head of a delegation.

The Soviet leadership favorably received Dr. Sun's envoys, bearing in mind the prospects for the development of the world revolution. Chiang Kai-shek emphasized the readiness of the Kuomintang to cooperate with the communists, to fight imperialism and capitalism to the end. Returning to China, however, he tried not to interfere in political debate, focusing his attention on purely military affairs.

Perhaps this circumstance helped Chiang Kai-shek lead the Kuomintang after the death of Sun Yat-sen. Dr. Sun's comrades-in-arms considered the general to have little understanding of politics, and thus facilitated his path to power. Foreign observers turned out to be more perspicacious, noting his energy and organizational skills, ability to understand people and ... ambition.

Events 1925-1927 confirmed these observations. A well-armed and trained army was rapidly moving north, taking power from the dujuns. This Northern Expedition, led by Chiang Kai-shek, was such an unusual phenomenon that it attracted the attention of the whole world. Small groups of agitators moved ahead of the troops, telling people about the new government. Cities and villages warmly welcomed the advancing army and helped it. Troops sent against the southerners often went over to their side. In March 1927, Kuomintang detachments triumphantly entered Shanghai, China's largest city. In fact, all of China, with the exception of Manchuria, recognized the authority of the Kuomintang government.

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The northern campaign brought the ambitious marshal (since 1928 - the generalissimo) world fame. And so, when the Western powers saw a new and seemingly dangerous China in front of them, Chiang Kai-shek abruptly changed his policy. He broke off the alliance with the communists and declared his readiness to establish friendly relations with the capitalist countries. This step meant a break with the USSR and the Comintern and, consequently, the collapse of the hopes of their leaders for the Chinese version of the world revolution.

Such a sharp turn by Chiang Kai-shek from the ideals of a national revolution towards the political benefits of an alliance with the West alienated many people from him. Among them was his beloved son Jiang Qingguo, who studied in the Soviet Union and became seriously interested in communist ideas.

Upon coming to power, Chiang Kai-shek immediately faced serious problems. The influential circles of the Kuomintang were not satisfied with the orientation towards the USA and England. Strengthened the position of the communist movement, which created in the 30s. opposing the central government "Soviet regions of China". Japan moved from political pressure on China to open aggression. In 1931-1932. The Japanese captured Manchuria, a rich, promising and strategically important region. They created the state of Manchukuo on its territory. Chiang Kai-shek resigned himself to this, realizing that a serious clash with Japan would mean the inevitable defeat of the Kuomintang armies. It was more profitable to wait for a clash between the Japanese and powerful Western powers.

In order to prevent the strengthening of the CPC, Chiang Kai-shek organized five campaigns against the "Soviet regions" and forced the communists to move to the north of the country.

The leader of the Kuomintang countered the Marxist ideology with a return to the ideals of Confucianism - modesty, temperance, obedience. An organization of many thousands of blueshirts was created, whose members unquestioningly obeyed Chiang Kai-shek. And although in public speeches he spoke a lot about the advantages of the political system of Western democracies, the dictatorship of Chiang Kai-shek was taking shape in China. "One country, one party, one leader!" was the official slogan of Kuomintang China.

Media, News, Publishing

среда, 8 апреля 2020 г.

News update 07/04/2020 (2349)

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среда, 8 апреля 2020 г.

News update 07/04/2020 (2349)

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среда, 8 апреля 2020 г.