понедельник, 6 апреля 2020 г.

News update 04/02/2020 (769)

The leader's policy aroused discontent not only among ordinary Chinese, but also among the Kuomintang generals, who believed that the threat of Japanese aggression required the unification of all patriots, including the Communists. Generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng made an agreement with Communist leader Mao Zedong and in December 1936 arrested Chiang Kai-shek, intending to bring him to justice. But he again showed himself to be an outstanding politician: he declared his readiness to end the civil war, create a united anti-Japanese front, and ... stayed in power.

Nevertheless, in 1937-1945. the Chinese side conducted hostilities in a peculiar way: both the nationalists and the communists not so much attacked the Japanese troops as prepared for a future fight between themselves. Hoping for military support from the United States, the leaders of the Kuomintang underestimated the increased in the 40s. communist influence. The peasantry, which did not wait for the implementation of the slogan of Sun Yat-sen "To each plowman his own field!", ceased to trust the nationalists. The redistribution of land became the main trump card of the Communist Party. In the end, it was the interests of millions of Chinese peasants that determined the victory of the Communists in the civil war of 1945-1949.

Loyal Chiang Kai-shek military units, members of the Kuomintang Party and their families were evacuated to about. Taiwan. Chiang Kai-shek did not renounce either political control over the population, or one-party™, or US aid. Combined with agrarian reform, focus on export production, extensive trade with neighboring countries, and other steps to revitalize the economy, this has allowed Taiwan to rapidly accelerate its pace of development.

Until the end of his days, Chiang Kai-shek was sure that only unfavorable external circumstances and the aggression of the communists thwarted the revival of great China.

He died at the age of 88 in April 1975. His son Jiang Qingguo, who returned from the USSR as a staunch anti-communist, became his successor as president.
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Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893 in the village of Shaoshan in the Chinese province of Hunan. His father was a wealthy peasant and therefore was able to give his son a good education. At first, Mao studied at a rural school, then at a secondary school in Changsha. He was 18 years old when the Xinhai Revolution began in China. It meant for Mao, among other things, acquaintance with the teachings widespread in the West - anarchism, socialism; he becomes a member of the revolutionary organization New People. Returning to his studies in 1918 for a short time, Mao graduated from the teacher's seminary and left for Beijing. He was already completely captured by the political struggle.

In Beijing, he took a job at a university library and became close friends with Li Dazhao, the future founder of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The result of this acquaintance was that the vague revolutionary views of the young Mao took on a clearer outline. The popular uprisings that began on May 4, 1919 and took place under the slogans of resistance to the Western powers stirred up China. Mao Zedong went to his native province, edited a newspaper there, created first a student organization, and then a Marxist circle. He was among the delegates to the founding congress of the Chinese Communists (1921). There were only 12 of them, and for the purpose of secrecy, the congress even held one of its meetings in a boat in the middle of the lake.

Returning to Hunan Province, Mao organized CCP cells in Changsha. At this time, he became well known in his native province, not only as the leader of the local communists, but also as a good orator, as a politician who was ready to ally with non-communists in the interests of the revolution.

It is clear that after the leader of the Chinese nationalists, Sun Yat-sen, took a course of friendship with the USSR and the CPC became part of the Kuomintang with special rights, Mao took responsible positions in its leadership. At one time, Mao was actually in charge of the propaganda department of the Kuomintang, headed the Institute of the Peasant Movement in the city of Guangzhou. Beginning in 1926, the works of Mao Caedong appeared, thanks to which he gained fame as a communist thinker.

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