суббота, 8 августа 2020 г.

News update 06/08/2020 (8437)

Edward IV ruled for another 12 years. By the end of his reign, he became a sickly, lethargic, flabby man, although he was not at all old. As the will of the king weakened, the role played by his younger brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, increased. In all the rebellions and troubles, he remained faithful to Edward. Richard was a talented administrator, a capable commander. Nature deprived him of a beautiful appearance, but this lack was compensated by his will and a lively mind. From birth he was lopsided. Richard, by exhausting physical exercises, achieved the fact that this flaw became almost imperceptible. Edward IV died unexpectedly in 1483. His 12-year-old son was to succeed him. The boy king needed a regent. The relatives of Queen Elizabeth, the widow of Edward IV, numerous and greedy, were not loved equally by lords and townspeople. Having arrested the Queen's relatives, Duke Richard of Gloucester announced to the frightened little King Edward V that he would now be his guardian. It was a real coup d'état. Edward V and his younger brother Richard ended up in the Tower. Shortly thereafter, Richard of Gloucester staged his "calling to the throne" and was crowned on July 6, 1483, under the name of King Richard S.

Richard III is associated with the image created by Shakespeare of an evil hunchbacked dwarf, hated by everyone and accompanied by a crowd of ghosts of the people he killed. Indeed, the young sons of Edward IV were killed in the Tower on his orders. Probably, Richard had a hand in the murder in 1471 of King Henry VI. But in fact, he was no more bloodthirsty than any of the rulers of that time. Richard of Gloucester, who grew up amid bloody troubles, took a direct part in them along with other heroes of the Wars of the Roses. He was a warrior, he more than once had to kill in battle with his own hands - and therefore he could look at blood with complete indifference. Richard III was a man of his time and a king of his time. And not the worst king. His reforms - the prohibition of violent requisitions, the streamlining of legal proceedings, the protection of the interests of the English merchant class - were popular with the people. No wonder it was the “bloodthirsty villain” Richard III who was considered by the British to be almost the only king who put the interests of the state above his own.
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However, the reign of Richard IH did not last long. Already in 1483, a new wave of rebellions began, started by the surviving supporters of the Lancasters. Henry Tudor, who was hiding in France, attempted to invade England, but was forced to flee. Anticipating that this would not be the end of the matter, Richard began to prepare for new performances. He raised troops, saved up funds. Henry Tudor really did not keep himself waiting: on August 7, 1485, he landed in Wales. Richard's army turned out to be much smaller than he expected: many barons betrayed him. Opponents met at Bosworth. Here, even his warriors left Richard, demoralized by the betrayal of one of the king's generals. Richard W did everything that depended on his personal courage. He refused to run when offered a horse, declaring that he would die a king, fought until he had enough strength, and was hacked to death with an axe. Here, on the battlefield, Henry Tudor was proclaimed king of England.

The War of the Scarlet and White Roses is over. For 30 years, she claimed almost a quarter of the population of England, 80 representatives of royal blood, a huge number of feudal families. The nobility, leading its lineage from the Normans who once conquered England, was completely exterminated. She was replaced by new nobles. Henry Tudor, who was crowned under the name of Henry VI, founded a new dynasty. The Scarlet and White Roses—the Lancasters and Yorkies—were exhausted and died out. But two warring flowers were united by Henry VII on one coat of arms - the coat of arms of Tudor England.
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Everyone froze aboard the Golden Hind pirate galleon, when the Queen of England, Elizabeth herself, sparkling with jewels, accompanied by a magnificent retinue, went up on deck. The queen's face was impenetrable and arrogant, in her hand she held a naked sword. The captain of the galleon, Francis Drake, greeted the empress with a low bow. He was at a loss. The visit of the queen is a great honor, but what can it turn into? Drake knew that King Philip II of Spain demanded that the English government execute him for a dashing raid on the Spanish colonies. Much of the booty from this raid went to Elizabeth herself. But how much does the life of one pirate mean to the great queen?

Elizabeth approached the captain. A tense silence hung over the deck, only the wind was sorting through the tackle. Under the gaze of the queen, the brave pirate knelt down.

"Francis Drake, I've come to take your head!" Elizabeth's voice sounded stern, and Drake closed his eyes, seeing how the sword flashed as it flew up. But the blade stopped before it touched the pirate's neck. The tip of the sword lightly touched his shoulder, and in the next moment, a timid Drake was knighted.

Elizabeth I Tudor was born on September 8, 1533. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn. Three years later, Queen Anne was executed, accused of treason to the royal spouse, and Henry VIII renounced Elizabeth in anger. The king never recognized her as heir to the throne. This was done by the English Parliament in 1543.

Rejected by her father, the little Princess Elizabeth was still not expelled from the palace and grew up among the courtiers. Unlike her older sister Maria, she could not boast of rich outfits, but the praise of the teachers who worked with the royal children most often went to her. Elizabeth turned out to be a capable, quick-witted and very diligent student. The princess wrote and spoke Latin, read Greek, knew French, Spanish and Italian, played the lute and danced beautifully. At the same time, she kept modestly, trying once again not to remind herself of Henry VIII, who seemed to be taking revenge on her daughter for the sin of her mother: even on his deathbed, he once again denied Elizabeth.

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