пятница, 28 января 2022 г.

Cars, moto, transport update 28/01/2022

After the death of Troy, strife begins in the Achaean camp. Ajax Oilid incurs the wrath of the goddess Athena on the Greek fleet, and she sends a terrible storm, during which many ships sink. Mene-Lay and Odysseus are carried by a storm to distant lands. The wanderings of Odysseus after the end of the Trojan War are sung in the second poem of Homer - "The Odyssey". It also tells about the return of Menelaus and Helen to Sparta. The epic favors this beautiful woman, since everything that happened to her was the will of the gods, which she could not resist. The leader of the Achaeans, Agamemnon, after returning home, was killed along with his companions by his wife Clytemnestra, who did not forgive her husband for the death of her daughter Iphigenia. So, not at all triumphant, the campaign against Troy ended for the Achaeans.


As already mentioned, the ancient Greeks did not doubt the historical reality of the Trojan War. Even such a critically thinking and not accepting ancient Greek historian as Thucydides was convinced that the ten-year siege of Troy described in the poem is a historical fact, only embellished by the poet. Indeed, there is very little fairy-tale fantasy in the poem. If scenes with the participation of the gods are isolated from it, which Thucydides does, then the story will look quite reliable. Separate parts of the poem, such as the "catalog of ships" or the list of the Achaean army under the walls of Troy, are written as a real chronicle.


The European historical science of modern times treated the Greek myths differently. She saw in them only legends and fairy tales that did not contain real information. Historians of the XVIII-XIX centuries. were convinced that there was no Greek campaign against Troy and that the heroes of the poem are mythical, not historical figures. The only European who believed the epic was Heinrich Schliemann. He was not a professional scientist, and for him Achilles, Agamemnon, Odysseus and the beautiful Helen were living people, and he experienced the drama that played out under the walls of Troy as the events of his own life. Schliemann dreamed of finding the legendary city for many years.


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Having become a very rich man, in 1871 he began to excavate the Hissarlik hill in the northwestern part of Asia Minor, identifying it as the location of ancient Troy. At the same time, Schliemann was guided by the descriptions of the city of Priam given in the poem. Luck awaited him: the hill hid the ruins, and not one, but as many as nine urban settlements, replacing each other for at least twenty centuries - two or three millennia.


Schliemann recognized the Troy described in the poem in a settlement located in the second layer from the bottom. Here he found, in his opinion, the Skeian Gate, the tower from which Elena and the Trojan elders watched the battles, the palace of Priam and even treasures - the “treasure of Priam”: magnificent gold and silver jewelry.


Then, following the instructions of the poem, Heinrich Schliemann conducted archaeological excavations in the "gold-abundant" Mycenae. In one of the royal graves discovered there, there were - for Schliemann there was no doubt about this - the remains of Agamemnon and his companions, strewn with gold ornaments; Agamemnon's face was covered with a golden mask. Among the numerous and rich funeral offerings, magnificent weapons worthy of mighty heroes were discovered.


The discoveries of Heinrich Schliemann shocked the world community. There was no doubt that Homer's poem contains information about real events and their real heroes. Myths do not lie, they contain the truth about the distant past. Schliemann's success inspired many archaeologists. The Englishman Arthur Evans went to the island of Crete to look for the residence of the mythical king Minos and found there the beautiful palace of the Minotaur. In 1939, the American archaeologist Karl Blegen discovered the "sandy" Pylos, the habitat of the wise old man Nestor on the western coast of the Peloponnese. The correctness of the geographical indications of the poem triumphed again. But a strange thing: the number of discoveries increased, and the situation with the Trojan War and Troy itself became more and more incomprehensible. Already Schliemann during the excavations began to experience some anxiety. When professional archaeologists came to the Hissarlik Hill and Mycenae, they established that the city, taken by Schliemann for Troy, existed a thousand years before the Trojan War. The graves in Mycenae kept the remains of people who lived several centuries earlier than the heroes of the poem. After the first enthusiasm and excitement, the turn of a new, even greater shock came. It turned out that Schliemann discovered a new world, a previously unknown civilization, about which even the ancient Greeks knew nothing. This world was completely different from what myths and heroic epics told about.

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