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At the same time, the Japanese blocked the British military base in Hong Kong and began landing troops in Siam (Thailand). The English squadron, which had come out to intercept, was attacked from the air, and two battleships - the striking force of the British in this region of the Pacific Ocean - went to the bottom. In the remaining three weeks of 1941, Japanese landing forces captured American strongholds on the islands of Guam and Wake and began landing in the Philippines. Fallen Hong Kong. The first stage of the largest oceanic war in the history of mankind was won by Japan.

On December 11, 1941, 4 days after Pearl Harbor, Germany and Italy declared war on America. An undeclared war had been fought before: in the Atlantic, German submarines attacked American ships and escort ships heading for Europe. Hitler believed that the United States, despite its enormous economic potential, was unlikely to be ready or willing to wage war beyond its immediate borders. But he was wrong.

On January 1, 1942, Roosevelt, Churchill, Soviet Ambassador to America Litvinov and China's representative signed in Washington the Declaration of the United Nations, which was based on the Atlantic Charter. Later, it was signed by representatives of 22 more countries. In particular, it stated: “Each government undertakes to use all its resources, military or economic, against those members of the Tripartite Pact (Germany, Italy and Japan) and acceding to it ... to cooperate with other governments that have signed this, and not to conclude a separate truce or peace with enemies ... "This most important historical document finally determined the composition and goals of the forces of the anti-fascist coalition. At the same meeting, a joint command of the Western Allies was created - the "Joint Anglo-American Headquarters", which, in the course of the war, coordinating hostilities, held 200 official meetings in different parts of the world.

The surviving documents convey the atmosphere of those years. On February 23, 1942, Roosevelt spoke on the radio with an appeal to the American people: “... In Berlin, Rome and Tokyo, they talk about us as a nation of weaklings ... who hire English, Russian and Chinese soldiers to fight for us. Let them repeat it now! ...Let them say this to the sailors fighting in the remote waters of the Pacific Ocean!., the guys in the "flying fortresses"!., the marines!..»
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American plan for the expansion of military production in 1942-1943. provided for the construction of 145 thousand combat aircraft, 120 thousand tanks, 55 thousand anti-aircraft guns, the launching of hundreds of warships and submarines. These figures, which even today seem fantastic, were achieved by the end of 1943, and even surpassed in some indicators.

... Japan continued to achieve success after success: Malaya was captured in January, Singapore, the fortress city, the main naval base of England in Southeast Asia, was captured in February. Due to its island position, powerful defenses from land, sea and air, this "Gibraltar of the Far East", as it was called, was considered impregnable. By the beginning of 1942, tens of thousands more refugees from neighboring British, French and Dutch colonies found refuge in this city of almost a million people. Singapore was defended by a 100,000-strong garrison, consisting of British, Indian, Australian and Malay units. The British government attached great importance to the preservation of Singapore. “The question is about the reputation of our country and our race,” Churchill said. And yet, the Japanese, having surrounded Singapore, forced its garrison to unconditional surrender.

Singapore was followed by Indonesia, Burma, the southern Chinese province of Yunan, and many islands in the southern seas. In May, the Americans lost the Philippines. Japanese aircraft carriers entered the Bay of Bengal, Japanese aircraft bombed the island of Ceylon. There was a real danger for India and Australia.

Nevertheless, the Japanese command, blinded by the first successes, clearly overestimated its capabilities, scattering the forces of the fleet, aviation and army over a vast expanse of oceans, on numerous islands, in the territories of occupied countries. After recovering from the first setbacks, the allies slowly but steadily switched to active defense, and then to the offensive.

In April 1942, the Japanese capital learned the horrors of war: 16 American bombers, rising from the deck of the Hornet aircraft carrier and flying a thousand kilometers, bombed Tokyo for the first time. In May-June of the same year, trying to capture a large American air base on Midway Island, the Japanese suffered a serious setback. A powerful squadron came out to capture the island - 11 battleships, 7 aircraft carriers, 12 cruisers, 50 destroyers and 15 submarines. With losses for themselves, the Americans destroyed 5 aircraft carriers, several other ships, dozens of enemy aircraft and forced the squadron to turn back. From August 1942 to February 1943, the struggle for the island of Guadalcanal, located in the group of the Solomon Islands, previously captured by the Japanese, continued. They built a huge airfield there to strengthen their positions in the southern seas. The Americans dropped marines on the island, and a bloody battle began on land and in coastal waters. Huge losses were suffered by both sides, but for the Japanese, whose reserves were running out, they turned out to be irreplaceable: 24,000 battle-hardened soldiers, 1,150 aircraft with selected crews, and dozens of ships.
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