четверг, 5 марта 2020 г.

News update 05/03/2020 (3562)

The presence of shipping channels in ancient Egypt in the era of the New Kingdom is attested by archeology. Traces of the canal built under Ramses II were discovered when a modern freshwater canal was dug. He passed the cities of Pi-Ramessu, Bubastis and Pithom, where granite stelae were erected with inscriptions praising the king and his bold hydrotechnical plan. Nothing, however, indicates that this canal connected the two seas.

Traces of another shipping channel have been discovered by Israeli geologists in the northeast corner of the Delta (east of Kantara). They suggested that this channel once ran to the Nile through Wadi Tumilat, although this has not yet been proven. Numerous New Kingdom settlements have been found along that section of the "Eastern Canal" that lies between Suez and Gaza, which makes it possible to date its construction no later than this time.

With the same channel, some researchers associate the relief of Seti I (1290-1279) in Karnak, where the king is represented crossing a fortified bridge thrown over a water area infested with crocodiles. In the inscription it is referred to as "separating waters" (ta denat). Perhaps this is the same "East Channel", or "Ways of Horus", as it is called in other texts.

In connection with the issue of the canal, one more expedition to Punt should be mentioned, which is described in the so-called "Papyrus Harris" - the testament of Ramses III (1185-1153): "the ships were loaded with Egyptian goods without number. tens of thousands were sent to the great sea - Mu-Ked. They reach the country of Punt. Ships and boats are loaded with products of the Land of God, all kinds of wonderful and mysterious things of their country, the numerous myrrh of Punta, loaded with tens of thousands, without her number. They reach unharmed , of the Koptos desert. They moor safely together with the property delivered by them. They load it for transportation by land on donkeys and people and load it onto ships on the river, on the banks of Koptos, and send it up the river in front of them. "
https://disqus.com/by/keelingraymond/
https://old.reddit.com/r/news/comments/fd9d4f/art_of_architecture_drawing/
https://app.crowdsignal.com/user/bryant074583
https://www.quora.com/profile/Keeling-Raymond
https://www.goodreads.com/user/show/110927972-keeling-raymond
https://en.gravatar.com/bryant074583
https://www.ted.com/profiles/19308468
https://www.houzz.com/pro/webuser-453616791/__public
https://www.openstreetmap.org/user/andrew8875477
https://www.codecademy.com/profiles/digital7709467306
https://diigo.com/0gzayi
https://dzone.com/users/4280528/keeling6894.html
https://trello.com/keelingraymond
https://stackoverflow.com/users/story/13004151
https://www.pearltrees.com/hawkins984785#item289571814
https://www.spreaker.com/user/12086823
https://visual.ly/users/keeling6894/portfolio
https://weheartit.com/keeling6894
https://www.tor.com/members/premo999611/
https://www.intensedebate.com/people/keeling6894
http://www.cplusplus.com/user/woodrow72584/

It is difficult to understand from the context where the ships arrive - to the shore of the Red Sea, where the "Koptos desert" begins, or to the shore of the Nile at Koptos? On the one hand, the reloading of goods on people and donkeys, and then again on ships, seems to speak in favor of the fact that there was no canal between the Nile and the Red Sea at that time, which is why they had to be reloaded and transported by land. On the other hand, the words "then" and "again" are not in the text, and this passage can be understood in such a way that in Koptos goods were distributed and transported throughout Egypt (for which other ships, people and donkeys were needed), and only a part they were then delivered to the king. Papyrus Harris does not give a definitive answer to the question of the existence or absence of a canal between the seas at the end of the New Kingdom.

https://youtu.be/vGDIGpO8ONE

More definite information about the navigable canal dates back to the reign of the Sais dynasty. Herodotus (II. 158) writes that Necho (609-594) began to build a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea, but did not finish it, and the construction was completed by the Persian king Darius I (521-486). Its length was equal to four days of travel, and two triremes could pass along it side by side. Water came into it from the Nile, it began a little higher than Bubastis. Then he went through Wadi Tumilat, then turned south, along the modern Suez Canal. This channel is mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (I. 33. 8-14) and Strabo (XVII. 1. 25).

https://www.cosmo.ru/forumn/profile/500172-hvastov500/
https://unsplash.com/@connerdavid9/collections
https://t.me/allpyrenees
https://t.me/allpyrenees/177
https://t.me/allpyrenees/178
https://t.me/allpyrenees/179
https://t.me/allpyrenees/180
https://t.me/allpyrenees/181
https://t.me/allpyrenees/182
https://t.me/allpyrenees/183
https://t.me/allpyrenees/184
https://t.me/allpyrenees/185
https://t.me/allpyrenees/186
https://t.me/allpyrenees/187
https://t.me/allpyrenees/188
https://t.me/allpyrenees/189
https://t.me/allpyrenees/190
https://t.me/allpyrenees/191
https://t.me/allpyrenees/192
https://t.me/allpyrenees/193
https://t.me/allpyrenees/194
https://t.me/allpyrenees/195
https://t.me/allpyrenees/196
https://t.me/allpyrenees/197
https://t.me/allpyrenees/198
https://t.me/allpyrenees/199
https://t.me/allpyrenees/200
https://t.me/allpyrenees/201
https://t.me/allpyrenees/202
https://t.me/allpyrenees/203
https://t.me/allpyrenees/204
https://t.me/allpyrenees/205
https://t.me/allpyrenees/206
https://t.me/allpyrenees/207
https://t.me/allpyrenees/208

https://t.me/allpyrenees/209
https://t.me/allpyrenees/210
https://t.me/allpyrenees/211
https://t.me/allpyrenees/212
https://t.me/allpyrenees/213
https://t.me/allpyrenees/214
https://t.me/allpyrenees/215
https://t.me/allpyrenees/216
https://t.me/allpyrenees/217
https://t.me/allpyrenees/218
https://t.me/allpyrenees/219
https://t.me/allpyrenees/220
https://t.me/allpyrenees/221
https://t.me/allpyrenees/222
https://t.me/allpyrenees/223
https://t.me/allpyrenees/224
https://t.me/allpyrenees/225
https://t.me/allpyrenees/226
https://t.me/allpyrenees/227
https://t.me/allpyrenees/228
https://t.me/allpyrenees/229
https://t.me/allpyrenees/230
https://t.me/allpyrenees/231
https://t.me/allpyrenees/232
https://t.me/allpyrenees/233
https://t.me/allpyrenees/234
https://t.me/allpyrenees/235
https://t.me/allpyrenees/236
https://t.me/allpyrenees/237
https://t.me/allpyrenees/238
https://t.me/allpyrenees/239

Four stelae of Darius I, erected in honor of the completion of the canal, were found along its channel (near Tel el-Mashkuta, in the place where Wadi Tumilat reaches the Isthmus of Suez, in the region of Kabret and north of modern Suez). It is possible, of course, that Darius simply cleared the Necho Canal and attributed its construction to himself.

Finally, in the Hellenistic era, Ptolemy II (285-247) also dug a canal that connected the two seas. He is mentioned by Diodorus (I. 33. 11-12) and Strabo (XVII. 1. 25), he is mentioned in an inscription on a stele from Pythomas (16th year of the reign of Ptolemy). It began a little higher up the Nile than the former channel, in the area of ​​Facussa. It is possible, however, that under Ptolemy the old canal was cleared, deepened and extended to the sea, supplying the lands of Wadi Tumilat with fresh water. Since that time, the canal has become a navigable route connecting both seas. Emperor Trajan (98-117) and Caliph Omar (634-641) deepened the canal and increased its navigability; but in 767 it was deliberately buried under Caliph Abu Jafar. The bitter lakes quickly dried up under the scorching rays of the sun and remained dry until the current canal was dug.
Автор: на
Ярлыки:

Комментариев нет:

Отправить комментарий

Подписаться на: Комментарии к сообщению (Atom)