In the first years of Soviet power, in the Moscow art school VKHUTEMAS, the faculty of wood and metal processing (colloquially dermetfak) was created. The faculty was headed by Alexander Rodchenko, who brought together many avant-garde artists under his wing: Vladimir Tatlin, El Lissitzky and artists from the “constructivist” group taught at the dermet faculty in different years.
Constructivism in art is not the same as architectural constructivism. This is an artistic direction, one of the many “-isms” of the early 20th century, which was invented by Alexander Rodchenko, the Stenberg brothers and their like-minded people. The main idea of constructivists is not to create images, but real structures. Following this principle, the constructivists designed mass-production functional things - furniture, posters; and besides, they began to teach this to their students at VKhUTEMAS.
It was an artistic and industrial production, rethought and based on new, avant-garde principles. Dermetfak VKHUTEMAS became one of the first industrial design schools in the world.
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The Bauhaus is the old Weimar Academy of Fine Arts, renamed in 1919 when it was taken over by a new director, the modernist architect Walter Gropius. Many avant-garde artists from Germany united around Gropius; which, due to the traditionally strong cultural ties between Germany and Russia, were later joined by Wassily Kandinsky and El Lissitzky.
Bauhaus is an avant-garde design school similar to VKHUTEMAS in Moscow, but more successful. Some designers, graduates of the Bauhaus, got a job in their specialty. Some experimental items created in the school's workshops were taken into production by German factories. Thus, the foundations of the national school of design were laid, which were remembered and appealed to by German designers of the new, post-war era.
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