Media, News, Publishing: News update 23/06/2020 (7823499) Pinterest

On the distant approaches to the capital, where the troops of Li Tzu-cheng were already located, the Manchus saw the Ming army under the command of Wu Sangui. “Now our common enemy is Li Zi-cheng,” Wu Sangui addressed the Manchus. "Let's fight him together." The Manchu prince Dorgun agreed.

Yesterday's enemies, the Manchus and the Ming army, met in a fierce battle with the army of Li Tzu-cheng. The battle went on from dawn to dusk. A storm arose and threw the army of Li Zi-cheng into confusion.

Burdened with treasures captured in Beijing, he left the city, ordering the city gates to be set on fire. He was pressed further and further until he laid down his head in the south, in Hubei, in 1645.

Having provided assistance in the fight against Li Tzu-cheng, the Manchus refused to leave China. “We took it from the hands of a rebel,” they said, “and not from the people.”

In 1644, the Manchu Qing dynasty reigned in China, ruling until 1911. Many times inferior to the Chinese in numbers, the Manchus ruled the country thanks to the support of the Chinese aristocracy. The aggressive foreign policy of the Qing house met its interests. The opportunities for enrichment increased by robbing the population of the conquered lands. The “surplus” of the Chinese population could be sent there, which worried officials, landowners and merchants with the demands of a better life.

The Manchu rulers of the Qing expanded China's territory. It included new lands in Central Asia: the possessions of the defeated Dzungar Khanate, the East Turkestan state of Khojas, and Mongolian lands. Due to the claims of the Qing Empire to new territories, there were border clashes with Russia.

In the XVIII century. Qing China was outwardly at the zenith of its power. Distant and close neighbors reckoned with him. He caused concern among the Iranian Nadir Shah. Ambassadors from the ruler of the Afghan Durran state, Central Asian rulers, Russian tsars, Portuguese and English kings went to Beijing. But behind the greatness of the Qing court, signs of the impending decline of the empire clearly appear, and dissatisfaction with the government is growing everywhere. The appearance in 1796 of a comet served as a signal for the uprising of the White Lotus secret society. The slogan of the rebels was: "Overthrow the Qing, restore the Ming!" Twice assassination attempts were made on the emperor in the capital itself. The conspirators were elusive. They were supported by a people who hated their rulers and who were striving with all their might to bring about the end of the Qing Empire, which was overthrown by the Xinhai Revolution of 1911-1913.

Long ago, high above the clouds, the god Indra and the demon Vritra fought to the death in a duel. Skillfully wielding a club, the just Indra, the King of the Universe, crushed the insidious demon armed with a golden ax, created from flesh and fire. The ax of the defeated Vritra fell to the Earth between China and India, and on the site of its fall Suvarnabhumi, the Golden Land, was formed.

So the legend tells. On our maps, this area includes the territory of the Indochinese Peninsula and the islands of Sumatra and Java. The mainland and the islands are separated by the narrow Strait of Malacca. In the minds of the people who inhabited these territories, the land was subordinate to the sea, which connected the two great sources of life - India and China, and large states arose along the sea trade routes. We call this region Southeast Asia.

The fame of the Golden Land spread all over the world, striking the imagination of travelers and adventurers. Truth and fiction coexisted in these stories. It was about the golden islands with untold riches, where turtle shells are mined, about the silver city and the fertile land inhabited by cannibals and tailed people, about the country of high stone towers covered with gold and silver, the country of kings riding on elephants, and people branding their faces. hot iron. In their knowledge of the true life of the people living here, historians rely on ancient Chinese chronicles, materials from local chronicles and inscriptions. Among the many emerging and dying states, the most powerful most clearly express the originality of the culture of this region.

One of the first large states of Southeast Asia was Funan, located in the south of the Indochinese Peninsula. Its capital was on the lower reaches of the Mekong River. The people of Funan built irrigation facilities, drained and sowed land in the swampy Mekong Delta, and made cotton fabrics. The usual dwelling of the Funanese was a house on stilts. They were famous for their skillful builders of large boats for sea freight. Fu-Nan glassware, gold and silver jewelry were highly valued in neighboring countries. The country was ruled by mighty kings who called themselves the lords of the mountains.

Funan reached its peak in the 3rd century. AD, becoming the most powerful power in Southeast Asia. She controlled the maritime trade routes leading from India to China.

Historians believe that Funan originated as a result of Indian colonization of coastal areas. Merchants arrived here first. The ruined offspring of noble Indian families and representatives of the Brahmins rushed along the paths laid by them to Funan in search of wealth and power. Many of them married girls from ruling Funan families and thus became the founders of local dynasties. They brought to Funan their belief that communication with higher beings occurs through priests - brahmins.

Funan flourished until the middle of the 6th century. Then its power and influence began to weaken, and at the beginning of the 7th century. she fell under the blows of the neighboring state of Chenla. The ruler of Chenla, Ishanavarman I, was a warrior king who sought not only to control the sea routes, but also to expand his state. The empire he created united the warring principalities inhabited by Khmer tribes. At the beginning of the 8th century it split into Land Chenla and Water Chenla. Each of them was a motley mixture of independent and semi-dependent states and principalities. Two centuries later, they united into a single Angkor state around a small Khmer principality. The ruler of this principality, Jayavarman II, founded the cult of the god-king: on Mount Phnomkulen, a sacred rite was performed on him and Jayavarman II was proclaimed chakravartin, the monarch of the universe. He then built a new capital, Angkor. Under Jayavar-man II, the country began to be called Cambodia (the second name is Angkor). His royal successor managed to unite the entire Mekong valley under his rule.

The emergence of the great Angkor state is inextricably linked with Buddhism. Buddhism has defined the cultural face of Cambodia, giving it a unique identity. According to legend, the royal dynasty of the country descended from a Buddhist hermit named Kambu and the heavenly dancer Meru. A remarkable monument of Khmer architecture was erected in the country - the temple of Angkorwat.

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вторник, 23 июня 2020 г.

News update 23/06/2020 (7823499) Pinterest

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вторник, 23 июня 2020 г.