Rome city
Awe — no other word — that’s what embraces every traveler who reaches the Tuscan capital of Florence. This city is a synonym for the Italian Renaissance, and the artistic heritage stored in its palazzo and museum collections is truly priceless. Beauty is everywhere - in the bends of the oldest bridge and in Piazza Signoria, in the dome of the Duomo and on the terrace of Piazzale Michelangelo - this is where the whole city is in full view! Many geniuses adored Florence, and, of course, each of them left his mark in this Italian city - whether architectural or picturesque, it does not matter.
In task 10, you need to correlate the map with a small piece of text, understand what events are displayed on it.
Working with a map is based on the ability to read and analyze non-textual information based on historical knowledge. Maps do not provide a concretized visual representation of events, they reproduce spatio-temporal structures, help to understand the locality of historical events. An important step in preparing for the implementation of such tasks is working with a contour map. It is especially effective for checking the studied material. The legend of the map, which you must definitely pay attention to, will help in completing tasks 8-10. For the correct answer to the questions posed, it is necessary to determine the region depicted on the map, the sequence and time of the events displayed on it, and to compare the phenomena indicated on the map.
Action algorithm:
We start by analyzing the schematic legend. We see: 1. a symbol (gray arrow) indicating the actions of Russian troops (Russian troops from the Grand Duchy of Moscow approached the Don River at the confluence of the Nepryadva River), 2. a symbol (white and black arrow) indicating the actions of troops the Lithuanian prince Jagiello (Lithuanian troops are moving towards the same place, but before reaching it they turn back), 3. a conventional sign (black arrow) indicating the actions of the troops moving from the Golden Horde to the Don River to the place where the Nepryadva River flows into it. The legend contains a conventional sign (crossed swords) indicating the place of the battle. It happened at the place where the Nepryadva flows into the Don. The legend also contains a conventional sign (a gray oval) indicating the place of gathering of Russian troops. The city is located at the confluence of the Moscow River with the Oka, on the border of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Ryazan Principality.
The information obtained allows attribution (establishment) of the event (Battle of Kulikovo), date (1380), participants in the event (Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, Mamai).
Now we turn to the solution of tasks 8-10.
8. The century when the events indicated in the diagram took place - XIV. But the answer must be written not in Roman numerals, but in a word. We write: fourteenth.
9. Name the commander, commander of the army, whose campaign is indicated in the legend of the scheme by the number "5". Earlier, we have already established that the army, marked with the number "5", was moving from the Golden Horde to the Don River to the place where the Nepryadva River flows into it. We have already remembered that the temnik of the Golden Horde Mamai commanded this army. We will write down this answer.
10. After reading an excerpt from the historian's work, you need to indicate the number that indicates the city on the diagram, the name of which is omitted in this passage. We analyze the text, highlighting the essential features of the city: the place of gathering of Russian troops is located on the border of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Ryazan principality at the confluence of the Moscow River with the Oka. We compare with the scheme: the city is marked with the number "2". We write down the answer.
For those who know geography well, there is another sign: the Severka River, the right tributary of the Moscow River, flows north of Kolomna. Of course, the text refers to Kolomna. Here, in 1237, the first and largest battle of the Russian united forces with the main forces of Batu took place in 1237. In 1293, during the campaign of Khan Duden, 14 cities in the center of Russia were burned and destroyed, including Kolomna. In August 1380, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich appointed Kolomna as a gathering place for Russian troops.
8) Task for the analysis of illustrative material
11. Look at the picture and complete the task.
Which of the following refers to the same decade that this coin was issued?
1) Russia's entry into the Seven Years' War
2) activities of the Supreme Privy Council
3) publication of a charter to the nobility
4) the third section of the Commonwealth
Answer: 1. Level of difficulty of the question: 2 (high). The cost of the task: 1 point.
Action algorithm:
We “read” the illustrative material: we analyze the individual elements of the image (who and what is depicted, what inscriptions are present).
•Based on the information received, we attribute the event.
•Answer the question.
•Check and write down the answer.
We carry out attribution: on the obverse of the coin there is a bust portrait of the Russian Empress in a full dress with a sash and an imperial mantle, her updo is decorated with pearls and a crown. The date of issue of the coin is 1755. Therefore, this is an image of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. We find confirmation on the coin: around the image there is a circular inscription Б∙М∙ELISAVETЪ∙I∙IMP∙ I∙SAMOD∙VSEROS (By the grace of God, Elizabeth I, Empress and Autocrat of All Russia).
The reverse depicts a double-headed eagle with raised wings, with a scepter and orb in its claws, around which there is a circular inscription COIN∙PRICE∙FIVE∙RUBLEI
(coin price five rubles). On the chest of the eagle there is a coat of arms, on the field of which is the image of the Apostle Andrew, crucified on the "St. Andrew's" cross. Above the heads of the eagle is the year of minting - 1755.
Having “read” the illustrative material, having determined, according to the condition of the task, the decade - the 50s of the XVIII century, we will choose the correct answer. To do this, we will restore the chronology of events by writing next to each of the four events its date: Russia's entry into the Seven Years' War (1756), the activities of the Supreme Privy Council (1726-1730), the issuance of a charter to the nobility (1785), the third partition of the Commonwealth (1795). Only the first event dates back to the 1750s. In the answer, write down the number by which it is designated -1.
GUIDELINES
Task 11 is not aimed at recognizing an image that students have already seen, but rather at “reading” non-textual material: you need to analyze individual elements of the image, attribute it, and draw conclusions on this basis.
The assignment should start with image attribution. It is necessary to determine the time of issue of the coin (1755), read the signature around the image of the Empress. Having “read” the illustrative material, having determined the decade - the 50s of the 18th century, we will choose the correct answer. To do this, we will restore the chronology of events: Russia's entry into the Seven Years' War (1756), the activities of the Supreme Privy Council (1726-1730), the issuance of a charter to the nobility (1785), the third section of the Commonwealth (1795). Only 1 event belongs to the 1750s.
Work in preparation for this task should be aimed at identifying the "faces" of each era of Russian history: famous historical figures, cultural figures, linking them with the most important events and phenomena that were characteristic of this period.
City of Florence
Strict beauty: stone and water
The luxurious halls of the Hermitage can argue with the collections of Italian cities, with the collections of the Louvre and Prado. Yes, and the city itself on the Neva, - chained, as if in solid armor, into granite - the great whim of Emperor Peter the Great, is simply magnificent. Nowhere in the world you will find such a variety of bridges and bridges (the streets are on the former swamp and on the islands), many of them are masterpieces. And the greatness of Isaac, and the expanse of Palace Square, and churches and temples? And the suburbs with their chic palaces and parks? We can be devilishly proud that this city is also considered one of the most beautiful on the planet.
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/towns
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/amazing-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/beautiful-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/best-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-europe
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-france
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-spain
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-catalonia
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-the-pyrenees
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/history-of-the-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/photos-of-the-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/views-of-the-cities
f you do not need the luxuries of the Renaissance, and the Baroque architecture seems a little sugary, you will be crazy about the capital of Scotland. The center of the Macbeth Land, Edinburgh, seems to have come down from the pages of the manuscripts of the Great Bard. Like in St. Petersburg, there is a lot of gray stone, power. Admire the main treasure of these places - Edinburgh Castle: gloomy Gothic, nestled in the heart of the city, cannot but inspire awe. And if you come here from the end of July until the beginning of September, you will come to the famous Edinburgh International Festival.
Edinburgh City
Bright as a holiday
This city is completely different, the exact opposite of the medieval monolith - cheerful, bright, shimmering in the gentle sun, beckoning gardens, sparkling fountains. It looks like a huge intricately decorated candy wrapper, but too beautiful to dare to call it tasteless. And under the multi-colored “wrapper” is hidden a very deep content, this is not a dummy! We will name only one surname - Gaudi, and you will immediately understand what place we are talking about. Of course, this is Spanish Barcelona, the center of Catalonia, in which the masterpieces of the great architect are found at almost every step. If you are tired of the multicolorness of the Park Guell, breathe in the sea air from the Montjuic hill or plunge into the chamber of the Gothic quarter.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/all-andorra/4HjSqNMlCeY
https://telegra.ph/Among-the-ancient-Eastern-European-cities-with-echoing-pavement-and-ancient-squares-09-30
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2131
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2130
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2129
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2128
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2127
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2126
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2125
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2124
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2123
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2122
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2121
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2120
Answer: 25. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). The cost of the task: 2 points.
Action algorithm:
• Carefully read the task.
•Let's install depicted cultural monuments.
•Let's identify the time of creation of all cultural monuments (both depicted and listed).
• Let's select from them those, the creation time of which corresponds to the condition of the task.
In image 4 we see the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, in image 5 - St. Basil's Cathedral. We set the time for the creation of cultural monuments: “Journey beyond the Three Seas” (XV century), “The Story of the Grand Duke of Moscow” (XVI century), “The Word of Law and Grace” (XI century), the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (XII c.), St. Basil's Cathedral (XVI c.). The condition of the assignment (monuments of the 16th century) corresponds to the 2nd and 5th monuments. In response, we write down the two numbers with which they are indicated.
14. Which of the following cultural monuments was created by Metropolitan Hilarion? Specify the serial number of this cultural monument.
Answer: 3. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). The cost of the task: 1 point.
Action algorithm:
• Carefully read the condition of the assignment.
•Let's establish the time of life and creativity of a cultural worker.
•Let's find out which of the five cultural monuments was created at that time by this author.
•Check and write down the answer.
It is well known that the "Sermon on Law and Grace" is a solemn speech of Metropolitan Hilarion, delivered in the middle of the XI century.
If this information is forgotten, it should be remembered that Hilarion is a contemporary of Yaroslav the Wise, the first metropolitan of Russian origin, therefore the time of his life and activity is easy to establish. This is the 11th century. At that time, only one cultural monument out of five data was created - “The Word of Law and Grace”.
We check: Hilarion was known to the people of Kiev as the presbyter of the princely church of the Holy Apostles in Berestov. There, perhaps, he wrote his famous "Sermon on Law and Grace", which became one of the first attempts at a Christian understanding of Russian history. The main themes of the work are: the superiority of "grace" over "law", which is interpreted in the sermon as the New and Old Testaments, or Christianity and Judaism; dissemination of Christian teaching among the "new" peoples, including Russian; Praise to the Baptist of Russia, Prince Vladimir. We will write down the number that denotes this monument in response.
GUIDELINES
Tasks for checking the knowledge of the facts of the history of culture traditionally cause difficulties. The lack of time for these topics in the school history course leads to the fact that they are studied superficially. In textbooks of works of culture, the names of cultural figures are often given in a list, without disclosing the features of the works and the facts of biographies, which makes it difficult to memorize them. It is important to involve the facts of the history of culture when studying various topics in the history of Russia. For example, when studying the activities of Peter I, one should pay attention to the sculpture "The Bronze Horseman" (E. Falcone), the monument to Peter I in Taganrog (M. Antokolsky). In order for works of culture to be firmly remembered, it is advisable to get acquainted with the content of a literary work, look at a picture and learn about the history of the creation of sculpture.
11) Tasks for knowledge of events, processes from the history of foreign countries
Read the list of events, processes from the history of foreign countries and complete tasks 15–17.
1) Greco-Persian wars
2) Hundred Years War
3) Reformation in Germany
4) the war for the independence of the British colonies in North America
15. Which of the listed events, processes was M. Luther a participant in?
Specify the sequence number of this event or process.
Answer: 3. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). The cost of the task: 1 point.
Action algorithm:
• Carefully read the condition of the assignment.
•Let's establish the time of life and activity of M. Luther.
•Let's find out which of the listed events, processes he was a participant in.
•Check and write down the answer.
It is well known that M. Luther is a prominent figure in the Reformation, the founder of Protestantism. On October 31, 1517, he attached several slips of paper to the door of the church in Wittenberg. These were the famous 95 theses against indulgences that shook Germany. In 1520, Luther, in the presence of his students, burned the pope's letter of excommunication. In 1521 he was summoned to the imperial court in Worms.
We check: could M. Luther be a participant in other listed events, processes? Greco-Persian Wars 500-449 B.C. e. - Persia's wars of conquest against the ancient Greek city-states (polises), which defended their independence. The Hundred Years War is the name of a long military conflict between England and France (1337-1453), caused by England's desire to return Normandy, Maine, Anjou, etc., which belonged to her on the continent, as well as the dynastic claims of English kings to the French throne. The British Colonial War of Independence is a revolutionary liberation war of 13 colonies in North America for independence from Great Britain in 1775-1783. Martin Luther could not be a participant in the listed events, processes, he lived
