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Solving the problem in a logical way:

So, the Battle of the Ice is a fairly well-known event. What if you are not sure of its date? Everything is simple, we solve the problem logically. We understand that it happened quite early, which means that options 3, 4, 5 are clearly not suitable. Then you need to remember that Alexander Nevsky defeated the crusaders on the ice of Lake Peipus. The Russian principalities faced the aggression of the Mongols and the Crusaders in the XIII century. Knowing this fact, we understand that the year 1380 does not suit us, because. firstly, this is an event of the XIV century, and secondly, the date of a well-known event - the Battle of Kulikovo. Therefore, the desired date is 1242.

The next event is the election of Mikhail Romanov to the throne. Everyone is well aware that it was this event that ended the era of the Time of Troubles in Russia at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, which means that options 4 and 5 are not suitable. We stop at 1613.

The abolition of serfdom in Russia is also a rather significant event that you need to know. In ignorance, choosing from options 4 and 5, we argue as follows: the second half of the 18th century, especially the reign of Catherine the Great, called the "golden age of the nobility", is the era of expanding the privileges of the nobles, tightening serf policy, so option 4 will not work. Option 5 remains. We check: the tsar-liberator Alexander II carried out the peasant reform after the severe defeat of Russia in the Crimean War (1853-1856), this is one of the great bourgeois reforms of 60-70. 19th century So, the choice was made correctly.

2. Arrange historical events in chronological order.

Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

1) the election of Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom

2) election to the kingdom of Boris Godunov

3) the formation of the Second Zemstvo militia

4) overthrow of False Dmitry I

Answer: 2431. Question difficulty level: 2 (advanced). The cost of the task: 1 point.

GUIDELINES

When performing tasks with a short answer, associative links play an important role. The more facts, names, phenomena, processes are involved in such connections, the more effective the fulfillment of the tasks of the OGE will be.

To consolidate and repeat the studied material, effective methods are: drawing up tables, diagrams that present events and dates in the history of Russia; performance of relevant tasks in workbooks (correlation of events, processes, phenomena, events and dates, filling in gaps in the text). For example:

Tasks related to establishing the dates of events and their sequence traditionally cause difficulties. The best results in preparing for the implementation of this group of tasks are given by systematic work on compiling

•tapes of family life,

•“rivers of history”,

• tapes of time,

•chronological complex (chronological and synchronistic tables),

• visual-figurative designation of time,

• schemes,

solving chronological problems.

When studying military conflicts, it seems useful to compile various information tables. For example, it is advisable to study the history of the Crimean War by systematizing the material in a table.

https://sites.google.com/site/modernscienceandtechnologies/fundamental-science
https://sites.google.com/site/modernscienceandtechnologies/applied-science

https://sites.google.com/site/modernscienceandtechnologies/cybernetics

https://sites.google.com/site/modernscienceandtechnologies/physics

To increase the effectiveness of the study of armed conflicts, one can refer to the well-established methodology for studying wars according to the scheme: the causes of war, the nature of the war, preparation for war, the balance of forces and plans of the belligerents, the reason for the war and its beginning, the main stages and main battles, the end of the war and the conditions of peace, the causes of a certain result of war, the meaning of war. The use of maps, illustrations, excerpts from films contributes to the assimilation of knowledge. Information is recorded in the form of a chronological table, an example of which is given above. The proposed information tables may be useful for developing the ability to establish correspondence between historical events and statesmen.

2) Tasks for knowledge of concepts, terms

3. Write down the term in question.

Warriors who were recruited into the regular Russian army according to the service introduced by Peter I.

Answer: recruits. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). Task cost: 1 point

Action algorithm:

We carefully read the terms of the assignment.

•Determine the era to which the term refers.

• We are looking for essential features (such a quality without which the subject ceases to be itself) of the term in the definition.

• We analyze the essential features, remember the events that are appropriate for a given period of time, define the term.

• We check ourselves again, write down the answer.

It is quite obvious that the era is the first quarter of the 18th century, namely the time of the Northern War (see: “introduced by Peter I”). In the definition of this concept, we single out two essential features: 1) soldiers, 2) carried a duty - regular military service. We recall: in the initial period of the Northern War, Peter I issued a decree on the introduction of recruitment, a new way of recruiting a regular army. We conclude that the term you are looking for is a recruit. We reread the definition, check our answer, write it down without spelling errors.

5. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, belong to the period 1894–1914.

1) Octobrists; 2) cadets; 3) strike; 4) Petrashevites; 5) petition.

Find and write down the ordinal number of the term that "falls out" of the given series.

Answer: 4. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). Task cost: 1 point

GUIDELINES

Useful in preparing for the implementation of this group of tasks is terminological work, which involves the semantization (explaining the meaning) of the concept, establishing links with previously known concepts, highlighting the essential features that distinguish this concept from others, mastering the terminology by ear and obligatory writing in a notebook . Important methods of working with concepts are “fourth extra”, “continue the row”, compiling a sentence with a term, compiling a crossword puzzle, searching for terms missing in the text, establishing a hierarchy, distributing terms into groups, etc.

3) Task for systematization of historical information (multiple choice)

4. Which of the listed cities were in the XIII-XIV centuries. administrative centers of Russian lands with a republican form of government? Choose two cities and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) Ryazan

2) Vladimir

3) Novgorod

4) Pskov

5) Kyiv

Answer: 34. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). Task cost: 2 points

4) Tasks for argumentation

6. Read four sentences. Two of them are theses (positions that need to be argued). The other two contain facts that can serve to substantiate these theses. Select the corresponding fact for each of the theses. Record the numbers of the corresponding proposals in the table.

1) Under Ivan IV, Russia pursued an active foreign policy in an eastern direction.

2) The policy of the oprichnina pursued by Ivan IV was disastrous for the country.

3) Many central districts of Russia were devastated.

4) Russian troops took Kazan.

The number of the proposal containing

thesis 1 fact 1 thesis 2 fact 2

Answer:

Answer: 1423. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). Task cost: 1 point

GUIDELINES

The main task of students in completing this task is to identify the difference between theses and facts, to establish a connection between the thesis and the fact, to understand whether the fact really clearly confirms the proposed position.

Thesis (Greek thesis - position, statement) is the initial position, the truth of which must be proved.

Fact (from lat. factum - done, accomplished) - a real, real-life, non-fictional event, phenomenon, something that actually happened; basis of theoretical generalization, conclusion.

Action algorithm:

We carefully read the terms of the assignment.

•Determine the theses - provisions that need to be proved.

• We are looking for facts (real events) that substantiate (prove) these theses. From the thesis to the facts, you can ask the question "Why can we say this?", And the facts answer: "Because."

• We check ourselves again, write down the answer.

The first sentence: "Under Ivan IV, Russia pursued an active foreign policy in an eastern direction" is thesis No. 1 that needs to be proved. How did we define it? There are no facts in this sentence, i.e. actual events, this sentence may or may not be true.

Let's prove this thesis. We ask the question: “Why can we say this?”. Answer: "Russian troops took Kazan" will be fact number 1. We check ourselves: 1. Kazan was located east of Russia, in 1552 it was taken and annexed to the Russian state. 2. The sentence “Many central uyezds of Russia were ruined” does not correspond to thesis No. 1 (the central uyezds are located inside the country, and this is the thesis about foreign policy).

The sentence: “The policy of the oprichnina pursued by Ivan IV was disastrous for the country” is thesis No. 2 that needs to be proven. We ask the question: “Why can we say this?”. Answer: “Many central districts of Russia were devastated” will be fact number 2. We check ourselves: 1. The result of the oprichnina policy was an economic crisis - “the ruin of the 70s”, the manifestation of which was the ruin of many districts, especially the central ones, identified by Ivan IV to the oprichnina.

5) Task for the analysis of information presented in the form of a statistical table

7. Using the data of the statistical table, complete the judgments below, correlating their beginnings and completion options.

Investments of various countries in the Russian economy

Year France England Germany

1880

31.4

mln rub.

30.1

mln rub.

29.8

mln rub.

1890

66.6

mln rub.

35.3

mln rub.

79.0

mln rub.

BEGINNINGS OF JUDGMENTS

COMPLETION OPTIONS

JUDGMENTS

A) By 1890 prevailing in the economy

Russian steel

B) By the end of the XIX century. foreign investment

into the Russian economy

C) The weakest dynamics at the end

19th century characterized

1) increased

2) German investments

3) English investments

4) French investments

5) shrunk

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A2B1V3. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). Task cost: 2 points

GUIDELINES

Working with statistical information - basic level. For its implementation, it is necessary to carefully study the material proposed for analysis and, based on observations and logic, select the correct answers. This assignment does not require additional information.

ACTION ALGORITHM:

• Carefully read the condition of the assignment.

•Set the name of the table, in what values the statistical data are presented.

• Carefully study the names of the columns and rows of the table.

We reveal the quantitative values of the indicators of each of the quantities.

•Summarizing the results, we logically establish correspondences between the beginning of the judgment and the variants of its completion.

• After checking the solutions, write down the answer.

We analyze the investments of various countries in the Russian economy in 1880 and 1890 in million rubles. We come to the conclusion that the investments of France, England and Germany in the Russian economy have increased over the past 10 years. By the end of the XIX century. German investments became predominant in the Russian economy (79 million rubles against 66.6 million rubles of French investments and 35.3 million rubles of British investments), and English investments were characterized by weak dynamics (growth by 5.2 million rubles against +35.2 million rubles French investments and +49.2 million rubles of German investments).

Let's move on to matching. The beginning of the judgment “According to this table, by 1890 the Russian economy became dominant” corresponds to the ending of the judgment “German investments”. The beginning of the judgment “According to this table, by the end of the 19th century. foreign investment in the Russian economy” corresponds to the completion option of the judgment “increased”. The beginning of the judgment “According to this table, the weakest dynamics at the end of the 19th century. characterized” corresponds to the completion of the proposition “English investments”. We check the answer and write it down.

6) Tasks for working with a historical map, diagram

Review the diagram and complete tasks 8-10.

8. Indicate the century when the events indicated in the diagram occurred. Write the answer in words.

Answer: fourteenth. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). Task cost: 1 point

9. Name the military leader, the commander of the army, whose campaign is indicated in the legend of the scheme by the number "5".

Answer: Mom. Question difficulty level: 2 (advanced). Task cost: 1 point

10. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and indicate the number on the diagram indicating the city whose name is omitted in this passage.

“The Moscow prince called on everyone to lay down their heads for the Russian land. The city of _________________ was appointed the place of gathering of Russian troops. On August 25, the Grand Duke of Moscow arrived in this city. He was met on the banks of the Severka River, a tributary of the Moscow River. On the morning of the next day, all governors with troops were ordered to leave the city for the Maiden's Field. A review of Russian troops took place here before the campaign. After the advice of the governor, the Russian regiments left the city on August 26 and went to the upper reaches

Don".

Answer: 2. The level of difficulty of the question: 2 (high). Task cost: 1 point

GUIDELINES

To prepare for tasks 8 and 9 with a map, it is useful to use a proven algorithm:

1. carefully read the task;

2. study all the symbols presented on the map: the names of geographical objects, places of battles, the names of generals and rulers, places of conclusion of peace treaties, directions of campaigns, etc., which can help to find out the events and date them;

3. if there is a map legend, carefully study it, extract information useful for attributing events, dates, locations, do not ignore any useful detail;

4. Analyze and summarize the information received, link it with the knowledge of specific historical facts for the attribution of events, dates, and places of action.

Cities on Google

The treasury of ancient monuments, Rome, is also worthy of our top of the most beautiful cities. Standing on seven hills on the banks of the Tiber, the Eternal City can still be proud of a whole scattering of structures erected many centuries ago, palaces and squares. What is only the trevi grand fountain with its complex sculptural sculptures! But even if you lose sight of all this architectural splendor, the medieval streets in the Trastevere district will amaze you with their pristine nature, the abundance of flowering plants lovingly grown by the townspeople in pots and on balconies - a truly Italian charm. https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/pyrenees

Rome city

Awe — no other word — that’s what embraces every traveler who reaches the Tuscan capital of Florence. This city is a synonym for the Italian Renaissance, and the artistic heritage stored in its palazzo and museum collections is truly priceless. Beauty is everywhere - in the bends of the oldest bridge and in Piazza Signoria, in the dome of the Duomo and on the terrace of Piazzale Michelangelo - this is where the whole city is in full view! Many geniuses adored Florence, and, of course, each of them left his mark in this Italian city - whether architectural or picturesque, it does not matter.

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In task 10, you need to correlate the map with a small piece of text, understand what events are displayed on it.

Working with a map is based on the ability to read and analyze non-textual information based on historical knowledge. Maps do not provide a concretized visual representation of events, they reproduce spatio-temporal structures, help to understand the locality of historical events. An important step in preparing for the implementation of such tasks is working with a contour map. It is especially effective for checking the studied material. The legend of the map, which you must definitely pay attention to, will help in completing tasks 8-10. For the correct answer to the questions posed, it is necessary to determine the region depicted on the map, the sequence and time of the events displayed on it, and to compare the phenomena indicated on the map.

Action algorithm:

We start by analyzing the schematic legend. We see: 1. a symbol (gray arrow) indicating the actions of Russian troops (Russian troops from the Grand Duchy of Moscow approached the Don River at the confluence of the Nepryadva River), 2. a symbol (white and black arrow) indicating the actions of troops the Lithuanian prince Jagiello (Lithuanian troops are moving towards the same place, but before reaching it they turn back), 3. a conventional sign (black arrow) indicating the actions of the troops moving from the Golden Horde to the Don River to the place where the Nepryadva River flows into it. The legend contains a conventional sign (crossed swords) indicating the place of the battle. It happened at the place where the Nepryadva flows into the Don. The legend also contains a conventional sign (a gray oval) indicating the place of gathering of Russian troops. The city is located at the confluence of the Moscow River with the Oka, on the border of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Ryazan Principality.

The information obtained allows attribution (establishment) of the event (Battle of Kulikovo), date (1380), participants in the event (Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, Mamai).

Now we turn to the solution of tasks 8-10.

8. The century when the events indicated in the diagram took place - XIV. But the answer must be written not in Roman numerals, but in a word. We write: fourteenth.

9. Name the commander, commander of the army, whose campaign is indicated in the legend of the scheme by the number "5". Earlier, we have already established that the army, marked with the number "5", was moving from the Golden Horde to the Don River to the place where the Nepryadva River flows into it. We have already remembered that the temnik of the Golden Horde Mamai commanded this army. We will write down this answer.

10. After reading an excerpt from the historian's work, you need to indicate the number that indicates the city on the diagram, the name of which is omitted in this passage. We analyze the text, highlighting the essential features of the city: the place of gathering of Russian troops is located on the border of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Ryazan principality at the confluence of the Moscow River with the Oka. We compare with the scheme: the city is marked with the number "2". We write down the answer.

For those who know geography well, there is another sign: the Severka River, the right tributary of the Moscow River, flows north of Kolomna. Of course, the text refers to Kolomna. Here, in 1237, the first and largest battle of the Russian united forces with the main forces of Batu took place in 1237. In 1293, during the campaign of Khan Duden, 14 cities in the center of Russia were burned and destroyed, including Kolomna. In August 1380, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich appointed Kolomna as a gathering place for Russian troops.

8) Task for the analysis of illustrative material

11. Look at the picture and complete the task.

Which of the following refers to the same decade that this coin was issued?

1) Russia's entry into the Seven Years' War

2) activities of the Supreme Privy Council

3) publication of a charter to the nobility

4) the third section of the Commonwealth

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https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/artis-and-its-cows-allandorracomies-625974242fc1bb74ca005828

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/casalarreina-and-its-monastery-of-our-lady-of-mercy-allandorracomina-6259743bfebd3e63f95a8668

Answer: 1. Level of difficulty of the question: 2 (high). The cost of the task: 1 point.

Action algorithm:

We “read” the illustrative material: we analyze the individual elements of the image (who and what is depicted, what inscriptions are present).

•Based on the information received, we attribute the event.

•Answer the question.

•Check and write down the answer.

We carry out attribution: on the obverse of the coin there is a bust portrait of the Russian Empress in a full dress with a sash and an imperial mantle, her updo is decorated with pearls and a crown. The date of issue of the coin is 1755. Therefore, this is an image of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. We find confirmation on the coin: around the image there is a circular inscription Б∙М∙ELISAVETЪ∙I∙IMP∙ I∙SAMOD∙VSEROS (By the grace of God, Elizabeth I, Empress and Autocrat of All Russia).

The reverse depicts a double-headed eagle with raised wings, with a scepter and orb in its claws, around which there is a circular inscription COIN∙PRICE∙FIVE∙RUBLEI

(coin price five rubles). On the chest of the eagle there is a coat of arms, on the field of which is the image of the Apostle Andrew, crucified on the "St. Andrew's" cross. Above the heads of the eagle is the year of minting - 1755.

Having “read” the illustrative material, having determined, according to the condition of the task, the decade - the 50s of the XVIII century, we will choose the correct answer. To do this, we will restore the chronology of events by writing next to each of the four events its date: Russia's entry into the Seven Years' War (1756), the activities of the Supreme Privy Council (1726-1730), the issuance of a charter to the nobility (1785), the third partition of the Commonwealth (1795). Only the first event dates back to the 1750s. In the answer, write down the number by which it is designated -1.

GUIDELINES

Task 11 is not aimed at recognizing an image that students have already seen, but rather at “reading” non-textual material: you need to analyze individual elements of the image, attribute it, and draw conclusions on this basis.

The assignment should start with image attribution. It is necessary to determine the time of issue of the coin (1755), read the signature around the image of the Empress. Having “read” the illustrative material, having determined the decade - the 50s of the 18th century, we will choose the correct answer. To do this, we will restore the chronology of events: Russia's entry into the Seven Years' War (1756), the activities of the Supreme Privy Council (1726-1730), the issuance of a charter to the nobility (1785), the third section of the Commonwealth (1795). Only 1 event belongs to the 1750s.

Work in preparation for this task should be aimed at identifying the "faces" of each era of Russian history: famous historical figures, cultural figures, linking them with the most important events and phenomena that were characteristic of this period.

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/bagerque-and-its-attractions-allandorracomque-62597450f6f5474272617778

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/santo-domingo-de-la-calzada-and-its-cathedral-allandorracomada-625974651373fc3514b87e0b

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/viniegra-de-abajo-and-its-attractions-allandorracomajo-6259747c9304601a5a66fedd

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/viniegra-de-arriba-and-its-attractions-allandorracomiba-625974908ba4eb15803bc84d

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/villoslada-de-cameros-and-its-attractions-allandorracomros-625974a2e113d00d6a77cf7d

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/el-pont-de-suert-and-its-attractions-allandorracomert-625974b9febd3e63f95b4481

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/benasque-and-its-landscapes-allandorracomque-625974cd2fc1bb74ca018530

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/zarautz-and-its-longest-beach-in-basque-coast-allandorracomutz-625974f28086416e1a5c104a

City of Florence

Strict beauty: stone and water
The luxurious halls of the Hermitage can argue with the collections of Italian cities, with the collections of the Louvre and Prado. Yes, and the city itself on the Neva, - chained, as if in solid armor, into granite - the great whim of Emperor Peter the Great, is simply magnificent. Nowhere in the world you will find such a variety of bridges and bridges (the streets are on the former swamp and on the islands), many of them are masterpieces. And the greatness of Isaac, and the expanse of Palace Square, and churches and temples? And the suburbs with their chic palaces and parks? We can be devilishly proud that this city is also considered one of the most beautiful on the planet.

https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/towns
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/amazing-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/beautiful-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/best-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-europe
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-france
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-spain
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-catalonia
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/cities-of-the-pyrenees
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/history-of-the-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/photos-of-the-cities
https://sites.google.com/site/beautifulcitiesandtowns/views-of-the-cities

f you do not need the luxuries of the Renaissance, and the Baroque architecture seems a little sugary, you will be crazy about the capital of Scotland. The center of the Macbeth Land, Edinburgh, seems to have come down from the pages of the manuscripts of the Great Bard. Like in St. Petersburg, there is a lot of gray stone, power. Admire the main treasure of these places - Edinburgh Castle: gloomy Gothic, nestled in the heart of the city, cannot but inspire awe. And if you come here from the end of July until the beginning of September, you will come to the famous Edinburgh International Festival.

Edinburgh City

Bright as a holiday
This city is completely different, the exact opposite of the medieval monolith - cheerful, bright, shimmering in the gentle sun, beckoning gardens, sparkling fountains. It looks like a huge intricately decorated candy wrapper, but too beautiful to dare to call it tasteless. And under the multi-colored “wrapper” is hidden a very deep content, this is not a dummy! We will name only one surname - Gaudi, and you will immediately understand what place we are talking about. Of course, this is Spanish Barcelona, the center of Catalonia, in which the masterpieces of the great architect are found at almost every step. If you are tired of the multicolorness of the Park Guell, breathe in the sea air from the Montjuic hill or plunge into the chamber of the Gothic quarter.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/all-andorra/4HjSqNMlCeY
https://telegra.ph/Among-the-ancient-Eastern-European-cities-with-echoing-pavement-and-ancient-squares-09-30
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2131
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2130
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2129
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2128
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2127
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2126
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2125
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2124
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2123
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2122
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2121
https://vk.com/wall-180137646_2120

Answer: 25. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). The cost of the task: 2 points.

Action algorithm:

• Carefully read the task.

•Let's install depicted cultural monuments.

•Let's identify the time of creation of all cultural monuments (both depicted and listed).

• Let's select from them those, the creation time of which corresponds to the condition of the task.

In image 4 we see the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, in image 5 - St. Basil's Cathedral. We set the time for the creation of cultural monuments: “Journey beyond the Three Seas” (XV century), “The Story of the Grand Duke of Moscow” (XVI century), “The Word of Law and Grace” (XI century), the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (XII c.), St. Basil's Cathedral (XVI c.). The condition of the assignment (monuments of the 16th century) corresponds to the 2nd and 5th monuments. In response, we write down the two numbers with which they are indicated.

14. Which of the following cultural monuments was created by Metropolitan Hilarion? Specify the serial number of this cultural monument.

Answer: 3. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). The cost of the task: 1 point.

Action algorithm:

• Carefully read the condition of the assignment.

•Let's establish the time of life and creativity of a cultural worker.

•Let's find out which of the five cultural monuments was created at that time by this author.

•Check and write down the answer.

It is well known that the "Sermon on Law and Grace" is a solemn speech of Metropolitan Hilarion, delivered in the middle of the XI century.

If this information is forgotten, it should be remembered that Hilarion is a contemporary of Yaroslav the Wise, the first metropolitan of Russian origin, therefore the time of his life and activity is easy to establish. This is the 11th century. At that time, only one cultural monument out of five data was created - “The Word of Law and Grace”.

We check: Hilarion was known to the people of Kiev as the presbyter of the princely church of the Holy Apostles in Berestov. There, perhaps, he wrote his famous "Sermon on Law and Grace", which became one of the first attempts at a Christian understanding of Russian history. The main themes of the work are: the superiority of "grace" over "law", which is interpreted in the sermon as the New and Old Testaments, or Christianity and Judaism; dissemination of Christian teaching among the "new" peoples, including Russian; Praise to the Baptist of Russia, Prince Vladimir. We will write down the number that denotes this monument in response.

GUIDELINES

Tasks for checking the knowledge of the facts of the history of culture traditionally cause difficulties. The lack of time for these topics in the school history course leads to the fact that they are studied superficially. In textbooks of works of culture, the names of cultural figures are often given in a list, without disclosing the features of the works and the facts of biographies, which makes it difficult to memorize them. It is important to involve the facts of the history of culture when studying various topics in the history of Russia. For example, when studying the activities of Peter I, one should pay attention to the sculpture "The Bronze Horseman" (E. Falcone), the monument to Peter I in Taganrog (M. Antokolsky). In order for works of culture to be firmly remembered, it is advisable to get acquainted with the content of a literary work, look at a picture and learn about the history of the creation of sculpture.

11) Tasks for knowledge of events, processes from the history of foreign countries

Read the list of events, processes from the history of foreign countries and complete tasks 15–17.

1) Greco-Persian wars

2) Hundred Years War

3) Reformation in Germany

4) the war for the independence of the British colonies in North America

15. Which of the listed events, processes was M. Luther a participant in?

Specify the sequence number of this event or process.

Answer: 3. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). The cost of the task: 1 point.

Action algorithm:

• Carefully read the condition of the assignment.

•Let's establish the time of life and activity of M. Luther.

•Let's find out which of the listed events, processes he was a participant in.

•Check and write down the answer.

It is well known that M. Luther is a prominent figure in the Reformation, the founder of Protestantism. On October 31, 1517, he attached several slips of paper to the door of the church in Wittenberg. These were the famous 95 theses against indulgences that shook Germany. In 1520, Luther, in the presence of his students, burned the pope's letter of excommunication. In 1521 he was summoned to the imperial court in Worms.

We check: could M. Luther be a participant in other listed events, processes? Greco-Persian Wars 500-449 B.C. e. - Persia's wars of conquest against the ancient Greek city-states (polises), which defended their independence. The Hundred Years War is the name of a long military conflict between England and France (1337-1453), caused by England's desire to return Normandy, Maine, Anjou, etc., which belonged to her on the continent, as well as the dynastic claims of English kings to the French throne. The British Colonial War of Independence is a revolutionary liberation war of 13 colonies in North America for independence from Great Britain in 1775-1783. Martin Luther could not be a participant in the listed events, processes, he lived

суббота, 28 сентября 2019 г.

Combat stuff

In Great Britain, unlike most other countries, the General Staff was not a special corps of officers, but was organizationally part of the War Department. In the UK at the beginning of the 20th century, the imperial general headquarters of the army were created, subordinate to the Minister of War, naval and field headquarters.

The Joint Chiefs of Staff in Great Britain was created in 1923 as a subcommittee of the Empire Defense Committee, and remained so until the liquidation of the Empire Defense Committee in 1939 at the beginning of World War II. Initially, the Committee consisted of the heads of three military branches - the First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the Chief of Staff of the FACC. The heads of the armed forces took turns serving as chairman of the Committee.

With the outbreak of World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff became a subcommittee of the War Cabinet.

During the Second World War in the United States and Great Britain, the functions of the General Staff were performed by the committees of chiefs of staff. The British Joint Chiefs of Staff consisted of the chief of the imperial General Staff (chairman), the chiefs of staff of the Air Force and Navy, the chief of staff of the Department of Defense, and the chief of staff of the joint operations. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the USA, which was created in July 1942, was approximately the same. In the spring of 1942, the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States and Great Britain was created, which was located in Washington, but was simultaneously subordinate to the heads of allied states.

After the war in the United States, a working body, the Joint Staff, was created under the Committee of Chiefs of Staff. In the UK, there is a defense headquarters that manages the activities of the army, air force, and navy headquarters.

After World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff became part of the UK Department of Defense.

In 1955, the British government decided to create the post of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It was formed on January 1, 1956, the first and only chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was the Royal Air Force Marshal Sir William Dixon. He remained in this position until January 1, 1959, when he became the first chief of the Defense Headquarters. The Chief of Staff of the Defense remained the head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and was considered the professional head of all the armed forces of Great Britain. In 1964, the Imperial General Staff was liquidated, and the ground forces have since been represented by the chief of the General Staff. After that, the only major change was the introduction of the deputy chief of the Defense Staff into the Committee.

https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/armies
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/weapons
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/tanks
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/aviation
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/airplanes
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/helicopters
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/cannons
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/guns
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/artillery
https://sites.google.com/site/armiesweaponsequipment/armour

We check: could this event occur during the other listed processes? Greco-Persian Wars 500-449 B.C. e. - Persia's wars of conquest against the ancient Greek city-states (polises), which defended their independence. The Hundred Years War is the name of a long military conflict between England and France (1337-1453), caused by England's desire to return Normandy, Maine, Anjou, etc., which belonged to her on the continent, as well as the dynastic claims of English kings to the French throne. The British Colonial War of Independence is a revolutionary liberation war of 13 colonies in North America for independence from Great Britain in 1775-1783.

We are convinced of the fairness of our choice, we write down in response the serial number of the Hundred Years War.

17. What event or process is this historical source directly related to? Specify the sequence number of this event, process.

“Inconveniences of every kind arising from our connection with England are incalculable. Our duty to ourselves and to humanity in general impels us to break this bond. Indeed, as a result of dependence on England, or even as a result of a simple political connection with her,

we involuntarily get entangled in various wars and strife taking place in Europe...

In a word, both considerations of our rights and considerations of our conveniences should induce us to separate from England. And the voice of truth and the cries of the dead cry out to us: it's time to separate!

Answer: 4. Question difficulty level: 1 (basic). The cost of the task: 1 point.

Action algorithm:

• Carefully read the passage from the historical source and carry out attribution.

•Let's find out what event or process this historical source is directly related to.

•Check and write down the answer.

The source contains a call for a break with England. Obviously, we are talking about the separation of the British colonies from the mother country.

We are convinced of the fairness of our choice, we write down in response the serial number of the war for the independence of the British colonies in North America.

GUIDELINES

To perform this group of tasks, you need to know the content and participants in events, processes in the history of foreign countries, and be able to attribute a text source. Preparation should begin with familiarization with the Codifier of verifiable requirements for the results of mastering the basic educational program of basic general education and content elements for conducting the main state exam in history. It contains a list of the most important events (processes, phenomena) in the history of foreign countries, knowledge of which can be tested in tasks 15–17 of the OGE 2021 (Appendix 1).

OPTIONS OF TASKS of part 2, STRUCTURE OF ANSWERS OF TASKS 18-24

Tasks 18-24 provide for different types of activities: analysis of a text source (18-20), analysis of a historical situation (21), comparison of historical events and phenomena (23). When completing these tasks, it is necessary to pay attention to the wording of each question. This group of tasks is basic (19), advanced (18, 21-22) and high (20, 23-24) difficulty levels.

1) Analysis of the text source. document attribution. Logical analysis of the structure of the text.

Read a fragment of a historical source and complete tasks 18–20. Use information from the text in your answers, as well as knowledge from the history course.

Read the passage from the Chronicle.

“That year, the squad said to Igor:“ The youths of Sveneld dressed up in weapons and clothes, and we are naked. Let’s go, prince, with us for tribute, and for ourselves

you will get it, and to us. "And Igor listened to them - he went to the Drevlyans for tribute and added a new one to the previous tribute, and his men did violence to them. Taking tribute, he went to his city. When he walked back, after thinking, he said to his to the squad: "Go home with tribute, and I will return and look like more." And he sent his squad home, and he returned with a small part of the squad, wanting more wealth. The Drevlyans, having heard that it was coming again, held advice with their prince Mal: “If a wolf gets into the habit of sheep, he will endure the whole herd until they kill him; so is this one: if we do not kill him, he will destroy us all.” And they sent to him, saying: “Why are you going again? He has already taken all the tribute." And Igor did not listen to them; and the Drevlyans, leaving the city of Iskorosten, killed Igor and his warriors, since there were few of them ...

Olga was in Kyiv with her son, a child _____________. The Drevlyans said: "Here we killed the Russian prince, we will take his wife Olga for our prince Mal and we will take her son, and we will do to him what we want" ... "

18. Indicate the century when the events described occurred. Fill in the name missing in the passage.

https://telegra.ph/From-September-29-to-October-5-the-days-of-Africa-will-be-held-in-the-capital-of-Andorra-09-28

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/all-andorra/DSH5E0VEaPo

19. Why, according to the chronicle, did the Drevlyans decide to kill Prince Igor? Why, according to the chronicle, did the Drevlyans manage to defeat the squad of Prince Igor?

Answer:

Correct Answer Content and Grading Instructions

(Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)

Points

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) the answer to the first question: Prince Igor decided to re-assemble

tribute from the Drevlyans ("If a wolf gets into the habit of sheep, then he will endure everything

flock until they kill him; so this one: if we do not kill him, then all of us

destroy");

2) the answer to the second question: Prince Igor had few soldiers

(combatants)

Correct answers to two questions

Correct answer to one question

one

Wrong answer

Maximum score 2

20. Indicate any one consequence of the described events. What act, which influenced the choice of faith by Prince Vladimir of Kyiv, was committed by Olga mentioned in the text?

Correct Answer Content and Grading Instructions

(Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning)

Points

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) a consequence, for example:

- Revenge of Princess Olga to the Drevlyans;

– establishment of lessons and churchyards;

(Another consequence may be indicated.)

2) act - the adoption of Christianity by Princess Olga

Consequences and actions are correct

Any one element is correct

one

Wrong answer

Maximum score 2

GUIDELINES

To successfully solve tasks 18-20, you need to learn how to: 1) carry out attribution of the source; 2) understand the meaning of the source (both individual provisions and the general context); 3) apply contextual knowledge to analyze the content of the source. The most typical mistakes in performing this group of tasks may be the incorrect attribution of a historical document and the inability to highlight individual content elements in the document. Both errors may be due to a misunderstanding of the general meaning of the historical document. As practice shows, instead of carefully reading a historical document, students often “grab” individual words and phrases out of context and thus try to attribute the document. This situation can be prevented by systematic work with historical documents.

понедельник, 30 сентября 2019 г.

Best Google sites. Rating

Cities on Google

суббота, 28 сентября 2019 г.

Combat stuff

понедельник, 30 сентября 2019 г.

суббота, 28 сентября 2019 г.