понедельник, 23 ноября 2020 г.

VK English columns archives 2020

From all over the country, peasants, artisans, and impoverished knights flocked to the liberation banner of the Virgin of Orleans. The king and courtiers used her name for their own purposes. It was announced that Jeanne was inspired to exploits by God, who had finally taken the French king under his protection. Jeanne was known far beyond the borders of France. It was at this time that the only lifetime verbal portrait of the heroine that has come down to us was created: “This virgin is gracefully built; she behaves like a man, speaks a little, in speeches she shows extraordinary prudence; she has a nice female voice. She eats little, drinks even less. She likes war horses and beautiful weapons. She loves the company of noble warriors and hates crowded gatherings. Sheds tears profusely, although her face is usually cheerful. With unheard of ease, she endures both the hardships of military labor and the burden of armor, so that she can remain fully armed for six days and nights in a row.

Energetic Jeanne begged Charles to go to Reims, recapture the city and be crowned according to the old custom. But the sluggish, indecisive Dauphin calmed down after the victory. Many advisers frightened him with the Virgin of Orleans, her independence, her strength, which Jeanne drew from the support of the people. While Karl hesitated, Jeanne won several more victories. “No matter how Jeanne turns into Jacques and opposes the nobility,” thought the old intriguers and slanderers, recalling with horror the Jacquerie, the peasant war, the participants of which were called Jacques (“Jacques the simpleton” is a nickname given to the peasant by the French nobles). Nevertheless, under pressure from Jeanne and part of the courtiers, who were interested in liberating Reims and neighboring regions from the British, in June 1429 Charles announced a campaign against Reims.

On June 17, 1429, the Dauphin was solemnly crowned in Reims. During the ceremony, Charles swore to rule justly and nobly. The archbishop anointed his head with myrrh and put on a precious crown. Among other important persons, Jeanne also participated in the coronation. In armor, she stood next to the king and held a battle banner in her hands.

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During the celebrations, the king wanted to reward Joan for the first time. For herself, Jeanne did not want anything. She asked Karl to exempt the peasants of her native village of Domremy from taxes. None of the subsequent rulers of France dared to take away this privilege from the inhabitants of Domremy. Even in the 19th century, under Emperor Napoleon, they did not pay taxes to the state.


Although the two main goals set for Jeanne - the liberation of Orleans and the coronation of Charles - were achieved, the Maid of Orleans was eager to fight. After all, the British were still in charge in many parts of the country. Jeanne sought to expel them from Paris, the capital of France.


But the newly-made king lost interest in his savior. The wall of indifference and hatred erected by Charles's courtiers drove the girl to despair. At times, Jeanne thought about returning to the village. The partisan movement that swept the country under the influence of the exploits of the Maid of Orleans, more and more frightened the nobility. The French nobles decided to get rid of Jeanne. Treacherous conspiracies began to weave around the girl.


The king secretly agreed with the Burgundians that Paris would remain in their hands. Unaware of this, deprived of troops and help, Jeanne with a small detachment tried to take Paris in September 1429. The girl was seriously wounded. Long months of treatment dragged on. Under the guise of taking care of her health, Jeanne was kept under house arrest.


When in May 1430 Jeanne again took part in hostilities, her fate was sealed. With a tiny detachment of loyal supporters, she came to the aid of the fortress of Compiegne, besieged by enemies. Once, after an unsuccessful sortie by the Compiènes, Jeanne was returning to the fortress. Bribed by the French court, the commandant of Compiègne raised the fortress bridge in front of the girl and closed the gates.


Jeanne was captured by the Burgundians and languished for six months in the round tower of the Beaurevoire castle. Charles VII, for whom Jeanne did so much, did not lift a finger for her. But he could redeem her or exchange her for a noble prisoner. The Burgundians sold Joan to the English for a huge sum, equal to the king's ransom. The British have long dreamed of getting the Maid of Orleans. All the failures of the invaders were associated with her name. Jeanne should have been recognized as a witch and the messenger of the Devil. Meanwhile, the girl unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide.

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In order to present Jeanne as a sorceress, the British organized a trial of the Maiden of Orleans. She was judged by the theologians of the University of Paris, supporters of the British. Bishop Cochon headed the court. Cunning theologians set their traps for Jeanne, but she answered sincerely, with common sense that never fails her. After six months of exhausting interrogations, corrupt churchmen accused the girl of heresy and witchcraft.


In May 1431, nineteen-year-old Jeanne was burned to death in the central square of the city of Rouen. The place of burning is still marked with a white cross on the stones of the square. The French people completed the work begun by Joan. The freedom movement grew stronger and stronger. The Hundred Years' War ended with the expulsion of the British from France.


After 25 years, Karl VU decided to use the now dead Jeanne for his own purposes. By his order, the court case was reviewed, Jeanne was declared innocent. Thus, Charles VII absolved himself of the accusation in connection with the witch. Later, in 1920, the Virgin of Orleans was canonized as a saint.


The name of Jeanne d'Arc has forever gone down in history as a symbol of selfless love for her native land, devotion to her people.

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