Solemn entry into Paris. The townspeople are confused: for the first time in their memory, the king is hardly distinguishable among his retinue. Small in stature, thin, he is dressed in a dress of the third estate. But the Duke of Burgundy, who accompanies the king, behaves like a real feudal ruler, surrounded by brilliant chivalry. Such a striking contrast at first glance defied explanation. One historian will later note that Louis XI of France ended the Middle Ages.
The fate of Louis XI was dramatic. Born in 1423, having survived as a child the most difficult time of the English conquest and the explosion of popular indignation associated with the execution of Joan of Arc, Louis early began to conflict with his father, Charles VII of Valois. It came to the participation of his son in the uprising of the feudal lords against Charles, but he forgave the rebels. However, Louis continued to test his parent's patience: after the death of his first wife, he married Charlotte, the daughter of the Duke of Savoy, against the will of Charles VII, and fled from his father's anger to Brussels, to the Burgundian Duke Philip. Having received news of the death of Charles VII (who, it was said, died of starvation, fearing poison, as if sent by his son), Louis arrived in Paris as the rightful heir (1461).
A cautious and cunning diplomat who despised chivalrous ideals, Louis XI removed his father's advisers, dealt with enemies within his reach, and set about fighting the feudal lords. In the XV century. France was fragmented into many counties and duchies; some of the rulers were not inferior in power to the king or even surpassed him. Long-standing feudal traditions annoyed Louis. They say, watching one of the tournaments arranged by Philip, the king was especially amused by how some unfamiliar knight beat his opponents terribly (in fact, he was a butcher, and Louis himself sent him).
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By bribery, the king returned Picardy to France. But the activity of the active representative of the reigning house of Valois outraged the masterful barons, and they organized the "League of the Common Good", headed by Louis's brother Charles the Bold. Not daring to enter into an open battle with opponents, Louis tried to quarrel them. It didn't work; A treatise was imposed on Louis, according to which his possessions were surrounded on all sides by the lands of the leaders of the League. Soon the king violated this agreement and, with the help of a quick maneuver, took possession of Normandy. Charles the Bold threatened him with vengeance for such perfidy; the duke managed to detain Louis XI and actually take him into custody. The king was hardly saved from reprisal, but not from humiliation. Louis was forced to agree to more shameful concessions than before (for example, to return Champagne to his brother). Returning home, Louis learned that one of his confidants, a cardinal, was Charles the Bold's chief informant; the cardinal was convicted by a secular court and locked in an iron cage, in which it was impossible to lie or stand upright. Then, relying on the strength of the cities and the help of their most prosperous inhabitants involved in public service, Louis achieved the summons of Charles the Bold by the Parisian parliament, which relieved the king of any responsibility for the earlier promises. The war has begun. Through cunning and violence, Louis began to conquer the feudal lords and fortified himself in the south of France. He made peace with external enemies, making friends with the German Habsburgs, England and Switzerland. In 1477, the corpse of Charles the Bold, naked and eaten by wolves, was found by his subjects in the icy mud of a pond.
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