пятница, 24 июля 2020 г.

News update 24/07/2020 (399)

The most striking figure among the pirates of the Far East was a Chinese woman, Ms. Qia, who lived at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. In a short time, she became the unofficial admiral of the entire Chinese pirate fleet. The dexterous woman commanded six squadrons, on which she established iron discipline. She was a talented naval commander and more than once won victories over the government fleet chasing pirates. Unable to cope with the "admiral", the Chinese authorities entered into an agreement with her, according to which every pirate who abandoned his criminal craft received funds in order to start a new life. Qing herself was never able to forget her old habits and lived out her life as the leader of a large gang of smugglers.

From the end of the 19th century piracy in its original form no longer threatened navigation. However, it still exists, mainly in the seas near China and Southeast Asia. Under the cover of night, pirates on light and fast motor boats or small fishing boats attack ships in the port, and then everything is the same as their predecessors, only now they still prefer not to kill the crew.

Modern piracy, which has long lost its former appearance, has not become less dangerous. Having lost their positions at sea, the pirates now operate in the air and on land. Terrorists who hijack an airliner are called air pirates. Radio pirates invade the airwaves, telepirates take over television channels. It is possible that the rapid development of technology will give rise to new varieties of piracy.
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Francis Drake (1545-1596) was born in Devonshire (England) to a farmer's family. His father later became the ship's chaplain, and therefore, from the age of four, the ship replaced Francis with a house. In 1561, the owner of the small ship on which Francis sailed left him his ship after his death. So at the age of 16, Drake became a captain.

Drake went on his first expedition for slaves, organized by a relative of Francis Hawkins, in 1566. At that time, England itself did not need slaves, but it was a very profitable product that the Spaniards bought with pleasure to work in their colonies. The Spanish king forbade his subjects to buy slaves from Africa from the British, but such illegal transactions were by no means rare.

In 1567, already as a captain and companion, Drake took part in a new expedition of his relative Hawkins to the shores of Africa and Latin America. In America at that time were the possessions of the Portuguese and Spanish kings. A huge amount of wealth exported from there attracted the greedy eyes of robbers of all stripes. Impoverished England encouraged the actions of its corsairs (corsairs are pirates in the service of the state; see the article "Pirates"), who, on their return, shared their booty with Queen Elizabeth. The stolen valuables significantly replenished the impoverished treasury.

On his second expedition, Drake commanded a small ship ". Judith" with a displacement of 50 tons. The expedition was unsuccessful, although Drake's ship was not damaged. Only 2 ships of the expedition out of 5 and 80 people out of 500 returned to the port of Plymouth. Drake burned with a thirst for revenge. He decided to defy the king of Spain and capture the "treasury of the world", the city of San Juan de Uloa, in which wealth from all over Mexico accumulated to be sent to Spain.

In 1572, Francis Drake on two ships "Pasha" and "Swan" decided to carry out his plan of revenge.

Failure seemed to haunt Drake. First, he captured the city, to which the treasures had not yet been brought. Then he organized an unsuccessful attack on the caravan. But the stubborn corsair did not give up. He set himself the goal of capturing the treasures of Spain, and no obstacles would make him turn off his path.
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Some time later, Drake attacked the treasure caravan a second time, but could not carry much because of the huge amount of wealth. Most of the gold was buried, but what they managed to take away was enough for Drake to return to England a rich man.

In 1573, after a series of failures, Francis Drake, using his friendship with runaway negro slaves (maroons), seized the treasures of the Spanish crown. He became a wealthy man, made acquaintance with the most influential people in England.

His daring attacks on the Spanish colonies, brazen flanking in front of the nose of the Spanish squadron, captures of a dozen ships along the way and mercy (Drake did not kill the enemy team) made him speak with fear and respect as a formidable opponent, a fearless pirate and a desperate adventurer.

Relations between Spain and England deteriorated. This is where war could break out. Drake proposed to Queen Elizabeth a plan for an expedition that would inflict serious damage on the Spanish in their colonies. The Queen approved of Drake's proposals and agreed to become his companion. True, with the condition that no one knows about it.

On October 13, 1577, Drake's squadron, consisting of five ships (the captain himself was on the flagship Pelican), went to sea. In April 1578, having captured several Spanish ships along the way and “freed” them from cargo and food, the squadron approached Brazil. Along the way, the "royal corsair" landed on islands that were not yet known to the British and made acquaintances with the locals. In some cases, the natives did not show friendliness, but Drake never took revenge on them, even for the death of his sailors.

In August 1578, Drake approached the southern tip of the continent - the Strait of Magellan. There were only three ships with him, because. during severe storms prevailing in these waters, the ships often lost each other (Drake ordered to burn two ships of his flotilla in order to make their way easier and not waste time searching). Before passing the Strait of Magellan, Francis Drake renamed his flagship Pelican the Golden Hind.