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The country of secrets”, “the country of snows” was called by Europeans the most mountainous country in the world – Tibet. Here, among the mountain steeps covered with eternal snows, and the roaring streams of the rivers, there seemed to be no place for people. They got only small, often swampy or covered with sand and stony pebble river valleys. But people did not give in: they drained the land, sowed bread, grazed cattle on the slopes of the mountains, often risking their lives, which could always be interrupted by earthquakes, rockfalls, landslides.

People lived and worked. Along the roads and paths on the mountain steeps, stone ramparts or walls of stone and brick were built to block the path of avalanches that fell from the mountains. Having safely overcome the dizzying pass, the travelers, in gratitude for deliverance from the death that threatened them, offered uncomplicated gifts to the patron spirits. Gradually, in such places, cone-shaped mounds of stones grew up - a casket topped with a wooden pole or a tree trunk.

Where the Tsangpo River, flowing from west to east, turns south, the most fertile regions of the country are located: Dagpo, Kongpo, Nyangpo and Yarlung. The first ancient Tibetan state arose in Yarlung. Its creator was a tsenpo king named Nyatri. He was, as legend tells, the son of the heavenly deity Lha. Appearing among the people, tsenpo Nyatri struck them with his unusual appearance: his eyes were like those of a bird, his eyebrows were like turquoise, his teeth were like a white shell, his mustache was like that of a tiger, and membranes grew between his fingers and toes, like those of a goose.

The fear caused by the unusual appearance of the tsenpo was replaced by respect and love when he explained to people the main laws of human life: punishment against theft; love against hate; friendship against enmity; weapons against wild yaks; drugs against poisons; forgiveness versus insults.

Tsenpo Nyatri was the first in a series of 32 rulers of the Yarlung dynasty. Among them were real and legendary personalities. The people's memory has preserved the names of those who have brought benefit to people and made life easier for them. For example, Tsenpo Pudekungjal taught them farming, the art of irrigating fields, making various tools, mining and metal processing techniques. Tsenpo Trinyang Zongguang built the first dams and reservoirs. The last tsenpo of the Yarlung Namri dynasty gathered considerable territories under his rule.

His son Srontszan Gam-po became a worthy successor to his father's work. He carried out a land reform, created an administrative system for governing the country, and took part in the development of the writing and grammar of the Tibetan language based on the Indian Naga-ri alphabet. Having reigned in the capital of his ancestors for six years, he left the Yarlung Valley and moved north to the town of Rasa, where he began to build a new city - Lhasa.

The next page in the history of the ancient country began. Many of its events were associated with the arrival of Buddhist monks from India in Tibet and the acquaintance of Tibetans with their teachings. This happened just during the reign of Srontszan Gampo and with his interested participation. It was he who built a relatively small and modest temple, in which he placed Buddhist shrines brought by his wives from China and Nepal. And already the successors of Srontszan Gampo began to found numerous monasteries, donating huge amounts of money for their construction and decoration. Gold was mined by conquering the lands and population of East Turkestan, raiding China, fighting with recalcitrant vassals. Gradually, the commandments of the Buddha were forgotten, giving way to ancient beliefs and bloody sacrifices. It came to the point that Buddhist monks were evicted from temples and monasteries and sent into exile. In their quiet cloisters, slaughterhouses for cattle and trading places were arranged.

The royal ministers Mashan Dompake and Takra Lu Gong, taking advantage of Trisong Detsen's childhood, ordered to remove from the Ramoche temple in Lhasa the priceless relic of the country - the statue of Buddha Shakya-muni, brought by one of the wives of Srontsang Gampo, the Nepalese princess Bhrkuti. The legend says that 1000 people tried to move the statue from its place, but they failed: she did not want to leave the land of Tibet. So it just had to be buried.

When the tsenpo grew up and gathered his strength, he found adherents who helped him get rid of the powerful ministers and stop the persecution of Buddhism. Mashan's opponents cunningly lured him into the dungeon of the royal palace in Lhasa and walled him up there, and his associates were declared "living dead". Obeying the royal order, they had to leave the society of people, cut off any ties with it and settle at the graves of Tibetan tsenpos, eating what they brought to the dead. They had no right to speak or see the living, moving away when someone approached.

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пятница, 26 июня 2020 г.

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пятница, 24 июля 2020 г.

News update 24/07/2020 (399)

пятница, 26 июня 2020 г.

Modern design by K. Roldan

пятница, 24 июля 2020 г.

News update 24/07/2020 (399)

пятница, 26 июня 2020 г.

пятница, 24 июля 2020 г.