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It was a sin for Talleyrand to complain about Napoleon. The emperor provided him with huge incomes, official and unofficial (the prince actively took bribes), he made his minister a great chamberlain, a great elector, a sovereign prince and duke of Benevent. Talleyrand became a knight of all French orders and almost all foreign ones. Napoleon, of course, despised the moral qualities of the prince, but he also appreciated him very much: “He is a man of intrigue, a man of great immorality, but of great intelligence and, of course, the most capable of all the ministers that I had.” It seems that Napoleon fully understood Talleyrand. But...

1808, Erfurt. Meeting of Russian and French sovereigns. Unexpectedly, the rest of Alexander I was interrupted by the visit of Prince Talleyrand. The astonished Russian emperor listened to the strange words of the French diplomat: “Sire, why did you come here? You must save Europe, and you will succeed only if you resist Napoleon." Maybe Talleyrand has gone mad? No, it was far from it. Back in 1807, when Napoleon's power seemed to have reached its peak, the prince thought about the future. | How long can the emperor's triumph last? Being too sophisticated a politician, Talleyrand once again felt that it was time to leave. And he resigned in 1807 from the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, and in 1808 he unmistakably determined the future winner.

The prince, showered with favors from Napoleon, played a difficult game against him. Encrypted letters informed Austria and Russia about the military and diplomatic situation of France. The astute emperor had no idea that "the most capable of all ministers" was digging his grave.

The highly experienced diplomat was not mistaken. The growing appetites of Napoleon led him to collapse in 1814. Talleyrand managed to convince the allies to leave the throne not for the son of Napoleon, who was initially favored by Alexander I, but for the old royal family - the Bourbons. Hoping for gratitude on their part, the prince did the possible and the impossible, showing miracles of diplomacy. Well, gratitude from the new rulers of France was not slow to follow. Talleyrand again became Minister of Foreign Affairs and even head of government. Now he had to solve the most difficult task. The sovereigns gathered in Vienna for a congress that was supposed to decide the fate of Europe. The French Revolution and Emperor Napoleon redrawn the map of the world too much. The winners dreamed of snatching a bigger piece of the legacy of the defeated Bonaparte. Talleyrand represented the conquered country. It seemed that the prince could only agree. But Talleyrand would not be considered the best diplomat in Europe if that were the case. With the most skillful intrigues, he separated the allies, forcing them to forget about their agreement when defeating Napoleon. France, England and Austria united against Russia and Prussia. The Congress of Vienna laid the foundations for European policy for the next 60 years, and Minister Talleyrand played a decisive role in this. It was he who, in order to maintain a strong France, put forward the idea of legitimism (legality), in which all territorial acquisitions since the revolution were declared invalid, and the political system of European countries had to remain at the turn of 1792. France thereby retained its “natural borders”.

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Perhaps the monarchs believed that in this way the revolution would be forgotten. But Prince Talleyrand was wiser than them. Unlike the Bourbons, who took the principle of legitimism seriously in domestic politics, Talleyrand saw in the example of Napoleon's Hundred Days that it would be madness to go back. It was only Louis XVIJI who believed that he had regained the rightful throne of his ancestors. The foreign minister knew perfectly well that the king was sitting on the throne of Bonaparte. The wave of “white terror” that unfolded in 1815, when the most popular people fell victim to the arbitrariness of the brutalized nobility, led the Bourbons to death. Talleyrand, relying on his authority, tried to explain to the unreasonable monarch the perniciousness of such a policy. In vain! Despite his aristocratic origin, Talleyrand was so hated by the new government that she didn’t even demand his head from the king. The minister's ultimatum demanding an end to the repression led to his resignation.

The "thankful" Bourbons threw Talleyrand out of the political arena for 15 years. The prince was surprised, but not upset. He was sure, despite his 62 years, that his time would come.

Work on the "Memoirs" did not leave the prince aside from political life. He closely watched the situation in the country and kept an eye on young politicians. In 1830, the July Revolution broke out. The old fox remained true to himself here too. Under the roar of cannons, he said to his secretary: "We are winning." "We? Who exactly, prince, wins? “Hush, not a word more; I'll tell you tomorrow." Louis Philippe won. Talleyrand, 77, was not slow to join the new government. Rather, out of interest in a complex matter, he agreed to head the most difficult embassy in London. Let the loose free press throw mud at the old diplomat, recalling his past "treason", Talleyrand was unattainable for her. It has already become history. His authority was so high that one speech by the prince on the side of Louis Philippe was regarded as a sign of the stability of the new regime. By his mere presence, Talleyrand forced the European governments, who had begun to balk, to recognize the new regime in France.

The last brilliant action that the battered diplomat managed to pull off was the proclamation of the independence of Belgium, which was very beneficial for France. It was an amazing success!

Let's not judge Talleyrand very harshly. It is difficult to blame a person for being too smart and perspicacious. Politics was for Talleyrand "the art of the possible", a game of the mind, a way of being. Yes, he really "sold everyone who bought him." His principle has always been primarily personal gain. True, he himself said that France was in the first place for him. Who knows... Any person who is involved in politics is bound to be soiled with mud. And Talleyrand was a professional.

“Is Prince Talleyrand really dead? Curious to know why he needed it now? joked the caustic mocker. This is a high assessment of a person who knows well what he needs.

It was a strange and mysterious person. He himself expressed his last will in this way: "I want to continue to argue over the centuries about who I was, what I thought and what I wanted." These controversies continue to this day.

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понедельник, 27 апреля 2020 г.

News update 26/02/2020 (1206347)

понедельник, 27 апреля 2020 г.

News update 26/02/2020 (1206347)

понедельник, 27 апреля 2020 г.