Savonarola had strong enemies, and they were not idle. Accusations of heresy and various provocations followed one after another. At the initiative of Pope Alexander VI, he was arrested and tortured, but the executioners did not wrest from him a renunciation of his former views and deeds.
May 23, 1498 Savonarola was hanged, and then his body was burned and the ashes scattered. He was only 45 years old. Piero Medici could triumph: his enemy was defeated. But the Medici did not return to Florence until 1512. They left too evil a memory of themselves. And when they returned, it turned out that history had taught them nothing. Again, they are indispensable participants in coups, executions, violence. In 1527, the Medici family again had to flee from Florence from the retribution of fellow citizens. After that, returning again, they became more careful, tried to avoid aggravating relations with the Florentines, who still remembered the taste of freedom.
In 1569 the Medici received from the Pope the title of Grand Duke of Tuscany. Their power was absolute, based on their own, albeit small, army.
The history of the Medici family is still waiting for its researcher. Among its members were heroes and criminals; people capable of high, noble deeds and low betrayal; free farmers, artisans, townspeople, merchants, financiers, crowned and uncrowned rulers, but they were all people of their extraordinary time. And each of them could say about himself in the words of the Renaissance poet Francois Villon:
I know how flies land on honey, I know Death that prowls, destroying everything, I know books, truths and rumors, I know everything, but not myself!
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Europe is a beautiful face of the world: important in Spain, handsome in England, playful in France, reasonable in Italy, ruddy in Germany...” These words belong to the Spanish writer Baltasar Gracian, who lived in the 17th century. However, they are true today, and even more so at the end of the 15th century - when the forehead of Spain acquired this significant importance.
At that time, Spain faced the most difficult tasks of a political and military nature: to unite the country, divided into several kingdoms, to expel the Arabs from the Iberian Peninsula. These tasks were successfully solved. Thanks to this, as well as the stunning results of the travels of Christopher Columbus - the conquest and colonization of the New World - Spain got the right to be proud of itself. At the origins of these achievements was the royal couple - Isabella and Ferdinand.
Isabella (1451-1504), the daughter of King Juan II of Castile, as often happened among the crowned heads of Europe, was intended to be the wife of the Portuguese monarch Alfonso V (1438-1481). There were other contenders for her hand and heart, but... The 18-year-old princess defied tradition and court etiquette. Few chivalric romances of that era could match the poignancy and unpredictability of the plot with the story of her marriage.
Sometimes they say that a man is looking for happiness, and a woman is waiting for him. Isabella hated the role of a marriageable princess dutifully going to the royal chambers of Lisbon... Love, escape, secret negotiations with Archbishop Carrillo - and on October 19, 1469, she tied the knot with her nephew, the 17-year-old heir to the throne of Aragon Ferdinand ( 1452-1516).
A slender, beautiful girl with a lively look of bewitching eyes, similar to Andalusian grapes, and golden hair turned out to be not only a good wife, but also a wise statesman. The chosen one of her heart in many ways was the exact opposite of her: medium height, with rough features, not very demanding on clothes. As one of Ferdinand's contemporaries wrote, "there was something of a soldier in his appearance." This not very attractive portrait was complemented by his inherent cunning and stinginess.
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