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https://sites.google.com/site/news57235472/information
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https://www.facebook.com/irina.rybalchenko.3
https://www.facebook.com/Media.News.Publishing/
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Three stages of the journalist’s work can be distinguished:
information search (90% of the specialist’s work; the methods for obtaining information are different, mainly monitoring the object of research, interviews and working with the necessary documents);
information processing (includes analysis of the information received, verification of facts, clarification of the issues that have arisen, as well as the final formation of the material and its revision);
feedback (the journalist must monitor the opinion of the audience, and in case of legal disputes be prepared to defend his point of view in court).
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https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/595d4dd1d7d0a69b431e424a/plitvice-lakes--unesco-park-5db40694bc251400b21ad706
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Training for a journalist
It is traditionally believed that future journalists graduate from journalism departments. However, good specialists come from philologists, philosophers, linguists. Also very common is the scheme according to which a journalist specializes in one particular area (for example, computers, cars, art). In this case, it is important that the author of the article understands the material better than the reader. In this regard, almost half of the journalists do not have a specialized education, and sometimes even a technical one.
Journalism Courses
Russian Institute of Professional Education "IPO"
Russian Institute of Professional Education "IPO"
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The Russian Institute of Vocational Education "IPO" - conducts a set of students to receive the specialty "Journalist" in the distance program of professional retraining and advanced training. Studying at IPO is a convenient and quick way to get distance education. 200+ training courses. 8000+ graduates from 200 cities. Short deadlines for paperwork and external training, interest-free installments from the institute and individual discounts. Contact!
Necessary professional skills and knowledge
ability to work with information (find, study, select, analyze, compare and evaluate facts);
the ability to highlight the main thing in a large amount of information;
ability to find an explanation of the facts;
the ability to speak or write quickly, competently, easily and at the same time is interesting and not corny;
ability to handle professional instruments and equipment necessary for the work of a journalist (voice recorder, camera, etc.);
knowledge of the Media Law and the ability to use it;
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the ability to ask uncomfortable questions and get to the bottom of the problem;
professional ethics, tact.
Personal qualities
ability to express one’s thoughts accurately and clearly;
active participation in public life;
ability to quickly switch from one job to another;
ability to analyze events and phenomena;
wide horizons;
ability to perform work quickly and on time;
sociability, charm;
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efficiency, perseverance;
objectivity;
observation;
sociability, teamwork;
initiative;
working capacity and hard work;
endurance, stress resistance.
Pros and cons of the profession
Minuses:
https://all-andorra.com/ru/zarubezhnye-smi/
the work of a journalist is associated with great nervous, emotional, physical overload, work in an emergency mode;
irregular working hours.
The Romans understood how important the support of communication by sea was for the besieged city, and therefore they tried to block the exit from the harbor by filling it up or driving piles in it, as the Northern States did when they tried to block the Charleston fairway by flooding ships, piles, etc. Due to the muddy bottom and the current, it was not possible to do this in the main fairway, except for one place that had a sandy bottom; at this place, a ship trying to go to sea ran aground at night - a twin of the one on which Hannibal sailed, built at the same shipyard, according to the same drawings. It was captured by the Romans. They put on it the best men, selected from the whole fleet, and, in addition, a large number of legionnaires, and began to lie in wait for breaking through the blockade. Hannibal soon entered the harbor safely again at night; in Lilybeum, the capture of the twin ship was not noticed, so Hannibal did not know anything about it either. Moreover, he was frightened when he saw this ship, which set off to pursue him. After a long chase, he saw that the crew of another ship was outnumbering his crew and catching up with him. He decided to take the fight, but a significant number of legionnaires defeated his people and, thus, this fast ship fell into the hands of the Romans. With these two ships, surpassing all others in their speed, the Romans succeeded in putting an end to the activities of breaking the blockade, just as the Northern States did, which in 1864 began to build high-speed steamers specifically for this purpose.
Lilybeum had to give up from hunger. The fact that the besieged managed to set fire to part of the Roman siege engines could not help the matter; the arson was made during a strong wind, as a result of which they all burned down; the Romans did not have the opportunity to restore them in a short time, as a result of which they abandoned the active siege of the city and limited themselves to its taxation; they surrounded the whole city with a rampart and a ditch, so that the import or export from it became completely impossible. However, in 249, new consuls took over the command of the Roman troops, and at the same time there was a certain change in circumstances.
The ship's crews took an active part in the siege and at the same time suffered significant losses; this circumstance was known to the Carthaginians, including Admiral Adgerbal, who was with the fleet in Drepanum. To replenish the crews, 10,000 sailors were sent to the Lilybeum by land, whom the consul Publius Claudius Pulcher, who took over the main command in Sicily, distributed among all the ships. Publius Claudius hoped to take advantage of the moment, while Adherbal had not yet learned that the Roman blockade fleet had again replenished its crews and acquired (as he believed) full combat capability, and to destroy the enemy fleet by a surprise attack on him in Drepanum. To this end, he set out at night with 123 ships (some authors give a much larger figure) from Lilybeum, hoping to pass along the coast in a wake column and at dawn enter the harbor of Drepanum, which was only 14 nautical miles away; however, as often happens on night expeditions with unreliable and poorly trained troops, if all local conditions are not carefully considered in advance, the detachment is very late. In addition, Claudius made a mistake by placing his flagship at the very tail of a long column, so that he lost the opportunity to have a general observation and actually lost control of the squadron.
As a result, although the advance of the Roman fleet really puzzled Adgerbal, he nevertheless managed to put people on ships; he took command of his fleet, and, in order not to be attacked in a cramped place, led him in a wake column from the harbor, along the shoals and islets stretching to the west, into the open sea; then he turned to the left and went south, along the coast, parallel to the northward marching Roman wake column, and passed all this column to its last ship. Meanwhile, the ship leading the column, not led by the consul, and following the order received earlier, instead of attacking the Carthaginians or following them, began to enter through a narrow passage into the harbor stretching to the east. Claudius finally noticed that the attack he had calculated had failed and that the Carthaginian fleet, instead of being locked in the harbor, threatened to go around and attack it at sea, ordered to turn around and line up against the enemy in battle order; but here, when trying to get out of the cramped harbor through a narrow passage, while other ships still continued to enter it, there was a great confusion caused by the fact that a large number of new inept people were working at the oars. The ships collided with each other in such a way that some of them were out of action before the battle began. Meanwhile, the ships that had not yet entered the harbor began to line up with a deployed front near the very shore, which descended very gently into the sea, moreover, their stern turned out to be so close to the shore that, with the slightest movement back, the ships would inevitably run aground; ships leaving the harbor, as far as possible, were attached to this front.
