Media, News, Publishing: News update 23/04/2020 (01536)

Among the outstanding political figures of the world, the sixteenth US President Abraham Lincoln occupies a special place. His presidency fell on the period of the American Civil War of 1861-1865, which claimed the lives of about 600 thousand Americans. Lincoln will forever remain in history as the man who prevented the collapse of the United States and freed the slaves. He is rightfully considered the successor of the "founding fathers" of the United States, the creators of American democracy.

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky to a poor farmer's family. Her entire well-being depended on a piece of land on which Abraham's parents, Thomas and Nancy Lincoln, worked. From childhood, Abraham was used to working, helping his parents to cultivate the land, hunting and picking wild berries. American farmers in the early nineteenth century. many dangers lurked. Indian attacks, epidemics, depletion of the land forced them to often move from place to place. The Lincoln family was no exception. This prevented Abraham from receiving even a primary education. He himself spoke about it this way: “It is undeniable that when I came of age, I knew little. However, I somehow read, wrote and counted, and that was all I could. Rescued by natural curiosity, excellent memory, constant craving for self-education. He was very fond of reading. His childhood favorites were Robinson Crusoe, Aesop's Fables, and A History of the United States.

Lincoln achieved everything in his life by his own efforts. Having started an independent life at the age of 21, he tried many professions. He worked as a land surveyor, storekeeper, lumberjack, postal clerk, even fought with the Indians. For several years, Lincoln studied law, hoping to become a lawyer. His interests also included history and philology, he independently studied mathematics and mechanics. Living among the common people, Lincoln managed to gain prestige through success in sports, especially in wrestling.

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Nature rewarded Lincoln with a bright appearance. Huge growth, with unusually long arms and legs, he stood out in any crowd. One of Lincoln's contemporaries recalled that he exuded magnetism and energy that attracted people to him.

Lincoln made his first steps in politics in 1834, when he was elected to the legislature of the state of Illinois, passing through an excellent political school here, gaining authority among his colleagues. In 1836, Lincoln passed a difficult exam and received the right to practice as a lawyer. Becoming a lawyer, he moved to the city of Springfield. Lincoln was making good money for the first time in his life. To do this, he had to practice not only in Springfield, but throughout the judicial district. Every spring and autumn he rode or in a carriage hundreds of miles across the sparsely populated prairies from one village to another, sorting out the litigation of farmers. The cases were for the most part small, and the fees for them were negligible. Lincoln's deep knowledge of the law and selflessness achieved fame in the state of Illinois.

The next step in the political career of Abraham Lincoln was his election to the US House of Representatives in 1847. Work in Congress opens up the possibility of applying for a seat in the government of the country. However, Lincoln failed this time to stand out among the American legislators. Moreover, by speaking out against American aggression in Mexico and the policies of President Polk, Lincoln made many political enemies. The fact was that the SPTA at that time pursued an active policy of seizing the lands of neighboring countries, especially Mexico. With the help of weapons and money, Americans for the first half of the XIX century. increased their territory by 3.5 times. The majority of the population of the country supported such actions of the government. Lincoln, being a staunch opponent of war, strongly opposed the American invasion of Mexico. Assessing the actions of the government, he stated that "the political course of the Democrats leads to new wars, territorial seizures, to the further spread of slavery."

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When, in 1849, his term in the House of Representatives expired, he did not even try to stand again as a candidate. Returning home from Congress to Springfield marked the onset of the worst period in Lincoln's life: he lost political popularity, his law practice was significantly reduced, and large debts appeared. But over the next 3-4 years, through perseverance and knowledge, Lincoln became the leading lawyer in Illinois. Having taken up this or that case, he always sought a thorough investigation, knew the laws relevant to the case to the subtleties, knew how to overcome all formalities and get to the heart of the issue. Traveling around the judicial district, he regained his former popularity.

An unsuccessful test of strength in Congress did not force Lincoln to abandon political activity. He was not at all going to limit himself to the work of a lawyer and joined the Republican Party formed on February 25, 1854. At this time, the political struggle within CHIA was over the issue of undeveloped lands in the west of the country and territories seized from other countries. The southern states, where the plantation slave economy flourished, wanted to extend slavery to new territories. The northern states, where there was no slavery, believed that these lands should go to free farmers and the industrial bourgeoisie. But the issue of free land was only part of a more complex and important issue for the United States about the future of the country as a whole: whether capitalist forms of property would develop in it, or whether the plantation-slave-owning system of economy would prevail. The question of slavery was also very acute. Throughout the civilized world, it was condemned and the slave trade was banned. The United States, so proud of its democracy, continued to secretly buy slaves and import them into the country.

The Negroes never put up with their terrible situation. They raised uprisings, fled to the North, but the planters of the South brutally suppressed the uprisings, rounded up the fleeing slaves like wild animals. In 1850 they won the right to hunt runaway slaves throughout the country. Advanced people sympathized with the struggle of the Negroes and advocated the abolition of slavery in the United States. The most resolute of them, having united with the slaves, embarked on the path of armed struggle against the slave owners. So, in 1859, John Brown, having created a small detachment of whites and blacks, tried to raise an uprising for the liberation of all the slaves of the South. But the local population did not support the rebels, John Brown was captured and executed.

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четверг, 23 апреля 2020 г.

News update 23/04/2020 (01536)

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четверг, 23 апреля 2020 г.

News update 23/04/2020 (01536)

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четверг, 23 апреля 2020 г.