Media, News, Publishing: YuT & TeleT News update 27/08/2020 (599 A)

On February 10, 1519, a flotilla of 11 ships with 508 soldiers on board, leaving Cuba, headed for the Yucatan. The expedition's armament, which consisted of guns, arquebuses, crossbows and bronze cannons, was supplemented by 16 horses, which unexpectedly played a very significant role in the conquest of America. The Indians who had never seen them were horrified by the speed and power of fantastic creatures. The Indians fought with bows, arrows, very long spears with a bronze or copper tip, and wooden clubs.

Having landed on March 4 in the Tabasco region, the Spaniards confidently advanced deep into Mexican territory. However, unexpectedly, the threat began to come not from the Aztecs, but from part of the rebellious compatriots. The rebels tried to seize one of the ships and return to Cuba. And then the tough temper of Cortes was revealed: two frondeurs-leaders were hanged, one leg was chopped off, and all the rest received 200 rods each. Cortez's next step, even to his friends, seemed bordering on insanity. Sending one of the ships to Spain to enlist the support of Charles V, he ordered the sinking of all the others. Now both the brave and the cowards were cut off from Cuba and doomed to loyalty to Cortes.

One has only to marvel at the sense of reality shown by Cortes during these years. He clearly imagined how ridiculous his efforts would be by force of arms and the "power" of an army of five hundred and a few people to conquer a huge country. True, he did not yet have a complete idea about her, but according to information received from the Indian Anka Marina, who became his wife, and some ka-siks (leaders) of local tribes, he already knew that her scale and wealth were impressive.

Cortes chooses the tactics of attracting the leaders of the tribes to his side. She proved to be very effective. The Aztec empire, which was not yet fully formed, was kept strong, internal contradictions in it were aggravated, and Emperor Montezuma was unpopular among many tribes. Soon the Sempo-Altecas and Totonacs expressed their willingness to cooperate with the conquerors.

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The Spaniards called Mexico New Spain. Moving in the direction of its capital - the city of Tenochtitlan, Cortez, a diplomat and strategist, resorted to a technique atypical for other famous conquistadors. He sent his ambassadors to the kasi-kam to get permission for his detachment to march through their territories. Not all leaders allowed this, and when the Spaniards ignored their refusal, they courageously defended their land. However, the fragmentation of the Indians, the effect of firearms and the real sensation made by horses, tipped the scales in favor of the invaders.

The successful advance of the army of Cortes - and after the replenishment by the natives it was already really an army - the legend of the great Quetzalcoatl also contributed to a decisive extent. This legend says that he arrived on the banks of the Panuko River at the head of white people in the 10th century. For several years, Quetzalcoatl taught the Indians new crafts, tillage, and, being a white man, inspired love for his own kind. It is still difficult to separate truth from fiction in this legend, however, the folklore of many tribes of South America kept legends about the coming of white people, deified them. It is not surprising that at first no one took the Spaniards for enslavers. Moreover, they were given a warm welcome.

Of course, not all conquistadors should be approached with the same yardstick. Indians of several generations of Costa Rica spoke highly of Hernán Sánchez de Badajoz and Juan Vasquez Coronado, who were generally friendly towards the indigenous population. True, they also had “inexpensable sins”: the first ordered the woman to be burned alive, and the second ordered the Indian to be quartered. But, apparently, these cases were perceived by the Indians as an unfortunate accident.

The revelation came too late. In three years, Cortes conquered New Spain. Francisco Pizarro for about the same period in the early 30s. 16th century conquered the vast Inca Empire, which occupied the territory of modern Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. Even more fleeting were carried out in 1523-1525. campaigns of Pedro de Alvarado, Pedrarias Davila and Gonzalo de Sandoval in Central America, as well as Gonzalo Ximénez de Quesada in what is now Colombia in 1538.

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понедельник, 14 сентября 2020 г.

YuT & TeleT News update 27/08/2020 (599 A)

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понедельник, 14 сентября 2020 г.

YuT & TeleT News update 27/08/2020 (599 A)

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понедельник, 14 сентября 2020 г.