The Maya civilization stood out primarily for its achievements in construction and knowledge in astronomy and mathematics. Maya painting and sculpture, stone processing and ceramics were distinguished by sophistication and perfection. In everyday life, the Maya used two calendars: the solar one, which included 365 days, and the ritual one (260 days). They divided the year into 18 months of 20 days and an additional month of 5 days. Both months and days had their own names, which were also used in the second calendar, where the account was kept not for months, but for time intervals of 13 days. Religious symbols were widely used in both calendars. In the field of mathematics, perhaps the greatest achievement of the Mayan culture is the introduction of the concept of zero. This was done hundreds of years before other highly developed civilizations. The history of the Aztecs before their appearance in the second half of the XII century. AD in Central Mexico holds many mysteries. They called their homeland Aztlan Island (the place where the herons live). From the word "aztlan" the name "Aztec" was derived. So far, science has not established the exact location of this island. The nomadic hunting tribes of the Aztecs turned out to be very warlike. For almost two centuries they waged conquest campaigns and at the beginning of the 14th century, having conquered many other tribes that lived in Central Mexico, they created a powerful empire. Around 1325, the city of Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City) founded by them became its capital. The Aztec culture assimilated the rich traditions and remarkable achievements of all the Mexican civilizations that preceded them. From the Maya, the Aztecs inherited hieroglyphic writing and widely used it. The polychrome pottery they made was very original. Their sculptures, which have survived to this day, are world-famous: “The Sad Indian”, “The Head of the Dead”, the statue of the god Xochipilli, etc. The Aztecs also achieved a lot in agriculture, using drainage work. Like the Maya, the Aztecs widely used the labor of slaves, who became debtors, orphans, divorced wives. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий