среда, 24 июня 2020 г.

News update 25/06/2020 (2378)

By the beginning of the XI century. The Fujiwara family went into decline. Those who had previously been known as warriors now preferred the pleasures of court life. During the uprising in the north among the foreigners and the attack of the tribes (susheni or mohe) on the island of Tsushima, Fujiwara did not risk their lives, but sent subordinates to the battlefield. Many Fujiwara indulged in excesses and allowed themselves eccentricities. So, Tadahira wore a fan with a rooster painted on it. Before opening the fan, Tadahira shouted: "Ku-ka-river!" Such antics of a member of the Fujiwara family undermined respect for their family.

With the decline of the Fujiwara, other families began to rise. From 1159, a 40-year period began, called Gempei. There was a fierce struggle between the Minamoto (Genji) clan, which acted under a white flag, and the Taira (Heike, or Heiji) clan, which acted under a red flag. In 1180-1185. decisive battles took place. They ended with the defeat of the ground forces and the fleet of the Taira house. On one of the ships were the young tenno Antonu and his grandmother. Preferring death to captivity, she threw herself into the sea with her child.

The Minamoto celebrated their victory with brutal reprisals against the Taira. A representative of the Minamoto ritomo clan became the true ruler of the country. The new sovereign - the young Gotoba - (1186-1199) was entirely in his hands. In 1192, Yori-tomo received the title that no one before him had - "Sei-i-tai Shogun" ("Great governor, conquering the savages") - and founded a hereditary dynasty of shoguns. The omnipotence of the military has come. They ruled in the capital and provinces, because and there the chiefs were the military.

After the death of Yoritomo, his eldest son, 18-year-old Yoire, became the shogun. He was occupied only with playing ball and other entertainments. In 1203 Yoire was deposed and placed in a monastery. There he was soon killed. His brother, six-year-old Saneto-mo, became the shogun. He was more interested in composing poetry than in public affairs. In 1219, Sanetomo was killed by his nephew Kuge, the high priest of the temple of the war god Hachiman.
https://all-andorra.blogspot.com/2020/06/news-25062020-3465.html





The widow of the shogun Yoritomo Masako and her father Hojo Takimasa began to rule the country. Masako, who was called the "Shogun Nun" (she spent some time in a monastery), along with Queen Jingu, was one of the most prominent women in the history of Japan. The Hojo family ruled Japan as sessho (regents), who took the title "shikken" (ruler), until the first third of the 14th century. Triarchy was established in the country: tenno, shogun and sessho. The decisive influence remained with the sikken. During this time, 13 faceless tenno were replaced. I remember only Gotoba, who was chosen by the tenno at the age of two, because he laughed (it was believed that this was a good omen). The arbitrariness of the rulers of the Hojo house caused general discontent in the country. The peasants gave one of them the expressive nickname "hojo bug".

The deposed Gotoba tried in 1221 to regain his lost power. Sending his son at the head of the army, shikken Hojo admonished him: “If the sovereign himself comes out to meet with his warriors, take off your armor and cut the string of your bows. If not, then fight to the death." Gotoba did not come out at the head of his army. The Hojo won.

In order to strengthen the dominance of his family, Hojo Yasutoki, with the help of a well-known Buddhist monk, compiled a code of laws called the Code of Joei Years. It determined the duties of various officials, punishments for crimes, which were considered not only rebellion and forgery, but also adultery, slander, and moving landmarks. Peasants were allowed to move from place to place. The tax was reduced.

As soon as the Hojos managed their affairs inside the country, a threat loomed over it from the outside, from China, where the Mongol Yuan dynasty was established. Their troops consisted of Mongolian, Chinese and Korean warriors. It seemed that nature itself was on the side of the Japanese. Twice, in 1274 and 1281, a storm helped them repel an enemy attack. The Japanese called the wind that scattered the Yuan flotilla "Kamikaze" - "Divine Wind".

The memory of the threat of the Mongol invasion was preserved for a long time among the people. For many generations, mothers have asked their naughty children: "What do you think - the Mongols are coming?"

Комментариев нет:

Отправить комментарий